1. INDUS RIVER VALLEY Aim: How did geography affect the development of Indian civilization?

2. Do Now: View map of NYC Why do you think lower and upper Manhattan are laid out so differently? Why is having a grid system advantageous?

3. Geography The Indian subcontinent includes India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Hindu Kush, Karakorum and Himalayan ranges India’s mountains guard fertile plain formed by two rivers

4. Mt. Everest Highest mountain on Earth. 29,029 feet above sea level. Part of the Himalaya Mt. chain.

5. Effects of the Monsoon Rains Yearly Floods Rivers change course Unpredictability of wet and dry seasons

6. EARLY CIVILIZATIONS IN THE INDUS RIVER VALLEY 2500 BC to 1500 BC – the Harappa Civilization developed in the Indus River valley

7. The Indus River Valley Why would the Himalayan Mountains separate the Indian civilization from the developing Chinese civilization?

8. Harappan civilization Laid brick for India’s first cities. Created their own written language: sanskrit Built strong levees, to keep water out of their cities. Constructed human-made islands to raise the cities above possible floodwaters.

9. Sophisticated city planning Grid formation Fortified area called a “citadel” Advanced Sewage systems Level of sophistication suggests that there was a strong central government.

10. Private bath with drainage system for waste. What does the attention the Indus people gave to the plumbing and sewer systems say about their culture?

11. EARLY CIVILIZATIONS IN THE INDUS RIVER VALLEY Harappa and Mohenjo Daro

12. Q-A-R-D Activity Read “The Geography of the Indian Subcontinent” and fill out the Q-A-R-D sheet in pairs. Steps to a successful Q-A-R-D sheet Q- Read the question A- Answer the question using factual information R- React to the factual information presented D- Have a partner respond to your reaction