1. Beginning of Life Composition of early atmosphere _____________________________; no oxygen; no life Miller/Urey Experiment Sent ___________________ through a mixture of gases present in early atmosphere Created _______________________ molecules needed for life

2. Evolution of Life Evolution of life forms Pre-cells- molecules organized and surrounded by _________; molecules pass through fatty membrane First living cells-Bacteria Pre-cells take in _______________________ Staphylococcus Bacteria

3. Evolution of Life Heterotrophs Need energy __________________ Autotrophs ___________; use sun’s energy in __________________ Eukaryotes Evolve Oxygen _____________________; complex organisms evolve Algae Hallucigenia

4. Ozone Layer Forms Lightning convertsLightning converts__________________ (_______miles above us) Blocks ___________Blocks ___________ ______________ of life______________ of life

5. Classification for Humans Kingdom: _________________ Phylum: __________________ Class: ____________________ Order: ________________ Family: ____________(Great Apes) Genus: ________________ Species: _________________ Homo sapien

6. The Primate Family Tree 2 Suborders of Primates Prosimians : “Before monkeys” Tree _________________________ ____________________________ Retain ______________________ Found in ____________________ Tarsier Lemur

7. The Primate Family Tree 2 Suborders of Primates Anthropoids New World Monkeys (____________________) Old World Monkeys (__________________) Humans & Apes (_____________________)

8. Trends in Primate Evolution Dexterity of Hands  _________________ for grasping Upright Posture  ______________________; plant harvesting Vision  ____________________; allows for Depth perception; food ID Brain -> __________________; Used to obtain food; get mates Infant Care  Large investment = ________________ Teeth  Multiple ________________________

10. Appearance of Homo Sapiens Humans and Chimpanzee lineages split ____ million years ago

11. Australopithecus Afarensis “Lucy” ________________ million years ago A. afarensis walked on ___ feet (_______________) _________________ Brain (like a chimp) Likely ________________________ ___________ species of Australopithecines found. Most species die out about ___________ years ago

12. Homo habilis 1._______ million years ago 2.Slightly _________ Brain. Some ________________ 3._________________________ 4.Ate plants and _____________________

13. Homo erectus (upright) 1.________________ years ago 2._____________________tools (hand ax) 3.Large brain (____________________; self consciousness) 4.Spreads _________________________ 5.Uses _______________

14. Neanderthals (230,000-29,000 years ago) Early group of ______________________?Early group of ______________________? Found in ___________________________Found in ___________________________ Social Hunters (cooperative ___________________)Social Hunters (cooperative ___________________) ______________________ (points, borers)______________________ (points, borers) Cared for _________________________________Cared for _________________________________ Capable of ______________________Capable of ______________________

15. Homo sapiens Early modern humans called ______________ ________________ years ago to present________________ years ago to present Hey, that’s me!Hey, that’s me!

16. Characteristics of Humans Bipedalism  Walking on ___________________Bipedalism  Walking on ___________________ Shorter toes for __________________________Shorter toes for __________________________ Enlarged Brain devoted toward _______________Enlarged Brain devoted toward _______________ ________________________ than other hominids________________________ than other hominids

17. How and When did our species supplant H. Erectus? Multiregional v. Single Origin Theory

18. Comparisons Among Hominids Hominid Pelvis Shallow and _________________ Femurs ________________________ Body weight transferred _______________________ ________________________ Hominid Spine Curved like an ________ Thoracic cage ___________________ Transmits _________________________ ___________________ center of gravity Hominid Brain ____________________ Areas devoted to ____________________ and communication