1. GLOBAL WARMING

2. THE ENHANCED GREENHOUSE EFFECT – SOME BACKGROUND.. THE BIOSPHERE IS THE LIFE SUPPORTING SYSTEM OF PLANET EARTH. THE SUN IS ITS SOURCE OF ENERGY. THE BIOSPHERE HAS 4 PARTS – ONE LIVING PART AND THREE NON-LIVING PARTS.

3. HYDROSPHERE ATMOSPHERE LITHOSPHERE THE 4 PARTS OF THE BIOSPHERE BIOTA

4. SO JUST HOW DOES THE ENHANCED GREENHOUSE EFFECT WORK? 1.THE SUN’S RAYS EITHER PASS THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE TO EARTH OR ARE REFLECTED BACK. 2.SOME RAYS ARE ABSORBED BY THE EARTH (warming it up) OR THEY ARE RADIATED BACK UP TO THE ATMOSPHERE. 3.THE G.H GASES IN THE ATMOSPHERE TRAP SOME OF THIS HEAT, WARMING UP THE ATMOSPHERE. (AND THUS, THE EARTH)

5.  THE EARTH’S AVERAGE TEMEPERATURE IS 15 DEGREES CELSIUS.  WITHOUT THE NATURAL GREENHOUSE EFFECT, THE EARTH’S TEMPERATURE WOULD BE MINUS 18 DEGREES CELSIUS.  THEREFORE, THE REAL GREENHOUSE EFFECT IS NATURAL….IT IS WHAT HELPS MAKE LIFE POSSIBLE.  THE ISSUE IS THAT THERE IS AN EVER INCREASING NUMBER OF ‘BLANKETS’ BEING PUT OVER THE EARTH… THE MORE GREENHOUSE GASES THERE ARE, THE MORE HEAT THAT IS TRAPPED ….AND THE HOTTER THE EARTH WILL GET.

6. BUT THE QUESTION ON EVERYONE’S LIPS IS…… IS THIS TEMPERATURE INCREASE MAN-MADE OR NATURAL ?

7. Human activities, most notably in the last 50-100 years, have released greenhouse gases into the atmosphere at an extraordinary and worrying rate. IT IS MAN MADE!

8. IT IS NATURAL!!  The world’s temperatures have always increased and decreased – thus we have had Ice Ages and the periods in between where the world was warmer.  Now, the earth is moving towards a warmer period.  Thus humans need to adapt our behaviour or die.

9. Climate models predict global temperatures will rise by about 1 to 3.5 degrees Celsius by the year 2100. This projected change is larger than any climate change experienced over the last 10,000 years….and is based on current emissions. THE SCIENCE.

10. SCIENTIFIC PROOF 1. GLOBAL TEMP CHANGES.

12. SCIENTIFIC PROOF 2. Underwear over the ages

13. OOPS…. Since the 1860's; · Global temperatures have risen 0.3 to 0.6 degrees Celsius. · Mean sea levels have risen 10-25 cms. · Glaciers have retreated around the world. · Antarctic ice sheets have collapsed. (In August, 2005, an ice sheet 3,000 sq kms broke away.)

14. WHAT WILL THIS MEAN TO US?.... Your local climate may change.Your local climate may change. More severe weather events.More severe weather events. (Hurricane Katrina?) (Hurricane Katrina?) World ecosystem will change. Why?World ecosystem will change. Why? Loss of species due to vegetationLoss of species due to vegetation changes. changes.

15. Climate changes….

16. THE MAIN GREENHOUSE GASES THERE ARE 5 MAIN GASES THAT CAUSE THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE TO TRAP MORE HEAT THAN NORMAL.

17. THE FIVE BAD GASES 1. METHANE 2. CARBON 3. NITROUS OXIDE 4. HALONS 5. CFC’S

18. Increase in concentrations by 25% since the Industrial Revolution. It is the main contributor to the A.G.E. and is produced mainly by the burning of Fossil Fuels….oil, gas, wood, coal It accounts for 71% of Australia’s GHG emissions. 1.CARBON DIOXIDE (C02)

19. Produced naturally by the breakdown of organisms. From cattle, sheep, manure, rice paddies, garbage. It is in low concentrations but has a 21 times greater effect than C02. It accounts for 21.2% of Australia’s GHG emissions. 2.METHANE.

20. Increasing due to the use of chemicals and fertiliser. It’s concentrations in the atmosphere are low but it can retain heat 290 times better than CO2. It accounts for 6% of Australia’s GHG emissions. 3.NITROUS OXIDE.

21. From refrigerators, aerosols and air conditioners. They last for 100 years and have a 5000 times greater effect than CO2. It accounts for 1.2% of Australia’s GHG emissions. 4 + 5 - HALONS & CFC’S.

22. THE FACTORS CAUSING GLOBAL WARMING; 1.POPULATION INCREASE. 2.INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. 3.RELIANCE ON FOSSIL FUELS. 4.OUR LIVING STANDARDS. 5.THE CLEARING OF LAND.

23. The worlds population (6+ billion today) has grown more since 1950 than it did for the previous 4 million years. It is expected to 'top out' at 11 billion. (If fertility stayed at the current trend, the population would be 296 billion in 150 years) INTERESTING FACT Population increase.

24. INTERESTING FACT No 2. Living standards A modern human uses 31,000 calories a day, most of it in the form of fossil fuel. This is the same as the intake of a pilot whale.

25. INTERESTING FACT No 3. Reliance on fossil fuels. DAILY ENERGY USE IN KJS, PER PERSON/ DAY. 1.200,000 yrs ago (First Peoples) – 8400 kjs per person. 2.1000 yrs ago (Advanced farmers) – 83,700 kjs 3.100 yrs ago (Early Industrial) – 251,200 kjs 4.Now (Modern Industrial) – 963,000 kjs.

26. WHO’S BAD - CARS OR COWS? In Australia, the use of cars produces 43.5 mega tonnes of greenhouse gas. How much does the flatulence of animals produce? 67.6 mega tonnes.

27. A COMPARISON…  What an average American churns out in CO2 emissions in ONE day takes an;  Australian 1.5 days  Chinese 7 days  Tanzanian 7 months

28. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS.  The average greenhouse gas production per capita per year for an American/Canadian and Australian is: 21.04 tonnes per year. (USA) 18.3 tonnes per year. (Canada) 26.7 tonnes per year. (Aust) The World average is 2.02 tonnes a year. The Third World average is 0.4 tonnes per year. from the Australian Institute

29. SO WHAT WILL HAPPEN?………. The weather gets hotter…ice caps melt……..oceans rise…countries flood….people, animals and flora adapt or………die..

31. But more to the point……………… what will you do about it?

32. BUT DON’T WORRY …..  ‘ It isn’t pollution that’s harming the environment. It’s the impurities in our air and water that are doing it. ‘ G.W. Bush Lucky for us, George has it all under control……..

33. SO JUST HOW DOES THE ENHANCED GREENHOUSE EFFECT WORK? 1.THE SUN’S RAYS EITHER PASS THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE TO EARTH OR ARE REFLECTED BACK. 2.SOME RAYS ARE ABSORBED BY THE EARTH (warming it up) OR THEY ARE RADIATED BACK UP TO THE ATMOSPHERE. 3.THE G.H GASES IN THE ATMOSPHERE TRAP SOME OF THIS HEAT, WARMING UP THE ATMOSPHERE. (AND THUS, THE EARTH)