1. Protestant Reformation

2. The Protestant Reformation
A religious reform movement that began in the 1500s in western Europe
Split the Christian Church and led to the creation of new churches

3. What led up to the Reformation?
Unhappiness with Catholic Church
Financial corruption
Abuse of power
Immorality
Respect for popes, monks, and priests weakened
Heavy taxation
Peasants and middle class paid taxes to the church to fund expensive cathedral and pieces of art
Sale of indulgences
Pardons issued by the Pope decreasing time in purgatory (work off sins in purgatory)
Growth of nationalism
People began to see themselves as citizens of a government separate from the church.

4. What started the Protestant Reformation?
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What started the Protestant Reformation?

5. Start at Reform Early critics of the Catholic Church… John Wycliffe
Born 1330
Believed Church should give up wealth
Removed from teaching position
Jan Hus
Born 1370s
Priest who preached against immorality in Church
Burned as a heretic

6. Martin Luther Luther was against… 1517- The start of the Reformation
Indulgences
Power of the pope
Wealth of the Church
1517- The start of the Reformation
Luther made his complaints public
Nailed 95 Theses to Church door
Printing press spread ideas
Luther insisted that individuals could interpret the Bible

7. Responses to Luther
1521 Luther was summoned by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Refused to change opinions
Edict of Worms by Charles V
Declared Luther an outlaw
Condemned his writings
1530- Lutheranism- new religion recognized
Charles V moved to suppress
Lutheran princes issued protestatio…protest= Protestant

8. What role did Martin Luther play in the Protestant Reformation?
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What role did Martin Luther play in the Protestant Reformation?

10. Spread of Protestantism
Ulrich Zwingli (Swiss)
Theocracy- church and state are joined, officials are divinely inspired
Luther opposed
Died in battle in 1531
John Calvin--Calvinism
Most important reformer after Luther
Predestination- God already knows who will be saved and guides their lives, no one can change their destiny
People are sinful and need strict laws
Mandatory church attendance
Laws about clothing colors, no jewelry, feasts, dancing, or singing
Swiss protestants could not gain support of Lutherans and attacked by Catholic
Calvinists believed they were chosen for salvation and liked the strict rules

11. Spread of Protestantism
John Knox- Reformed Church (Presbyterian Church)
Anabaptists- rebaptize adults (was a crime punishable by death)
Hutterites
Mennonites
Amish Mennonites

12. How did the Protestant Reformation change religion in western Europe?
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How did the Protestant Reformation change religion in western Europe?

13. Review Why did the Protestant Reformation begin in Europe?
Who started the Protestant Reformation?
How did the Reformation change churches/religion in Europe?

14. Reformation in England
Began with Henry VIII
Pope refused to declare his marriage invalid (annulled)
Henry and Parliament declared England no longer under the authority of the Pope.
Became head of Church of England
Closed Catholic monasteries and redistributed the land
Married Anne Boleyn- had a daughter, Elizabeth
1534- Act of Supremacy- all subjects had to declare Henry VIII the “Supreme Head of the Church of England”
Henry’s wife was the nephew of the Charles V the Holy Roman Emperor and they opposed the divorce

15. Lady Jane Grey was named Queen by Edward but kept in the Tower of London when council switched to Mary---executed at 16 or 17 along with husband
Mary Queen of Scots was executed by Elizabeth

16. Henry’s Heirs Son Edward VI took throne in 1547 at age 9
Died before 16
Mary (1st wife’s daughter)
Returned to throne with support of Pope
Burned Protestants
“Bloody Mary”
Elizabeth (daughter of Anne Boleyn, 2nd wife) became Queen
Split England from Pope again
Persecuted Catholics
Executed potential rival, Mary Queen of Scots

17. How did Henry VIII and his heirs affect religion in England?
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How did Henry VIII and his heirs affect religion in England?