1. Getting to California Manhattan Project – Secret government project which began in 1941 towards the construction of a nuclear weapon that was completed with a test detonation in Trinity, New Mexico (7/16/45) J. Robert Oppenheimer – leader of the scientific laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico where the atomic bomb was completed. Potsdam Conference – Truman’s first meeting with Stalin where he refuses Japan’s “conditional surrender” that included the safety of Emperor Hirohito Hiroshima – (8/6/45) B-29 bomber (the Enola Gay) drops am atomic bomb (Little Boy). An estimated 100,000 die instantly with over 60% of the city destroyed. Nagasaki – (8/9/45) the same day the Soviets declare war on Japan, a second bomb (Fat Man) is dropped killing between 35,000-74,000 people instantly. VJ Day – (8/15/45) the unconditional surrender of Japan. (The Emperor is allowed to remain alive as a figurehead.) Ch 20 Sec 5: The Atomic Age

2. The Week in Preview (Jan 27 th – 30 th ) Mon (1/26)Ch 20 Sec 4 “Island Hopping” (Lec/VR) Tue (1/27)Ch 20 Sec 5 “VE Day” (Lec/VR) Wed (1/28)Ch 20 Sec 5 “Atomic Bomb/VJ Day” (Lec/VR) Thu (1/29) REVIEW – TEST Unit 8 Sec 2-5 Fri (1/30)TEST Unit 8 World War II Next Week’s Highlights…… Unit 9 – “The Cold War” (Ch 21 & Ch 25 Sec 1) Fri (2/6)Open Note Reading Quiz – Ch 21 Sec 3 “The Cold War and American Society” pp. 668-674

3. Section 5-16 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The American program to build an atomic bomb was code-named the Manhattan Project and was headed by General Leslie R. Groves. Given the Green Light on December 6 th, 1941. (pages 642–647) Birth of the Atomic Bomb

4. Section 5-16 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Los Alamos, New Mexico – retreat for the scientists Led by J. Robert Oppenheimer (pages 642–647) Birth of the Atomic Bomb

5. Section 5-16 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The $2 billion project included contributions all over the U.S. including… Oak Ridge, TN – factories to create uranium Richland, WA – factories to create plutonium Seattle, WA – the production of the B-29 (pages 642–647) Birth of the Atomic Bomb

6. Section 5-16 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. On July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb was detonated near Alamogordo, New Mexico. (Trinity Test Site) (pages 642–647) Birth of the Atomic Bomb

7. Section 5-16 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. While at his meeting at Potsdam, Germany, Harry Truman received the cable “the baby is born”. (pages 642–647) Birth of the Atomic Bomb

8. Section 5-16 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. After being President for only 3 months, Harry Truman at Potsdam, Germany met with Winston Churchill and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. Needed to look strong to the Russian Communist. (pages 642–647) Birth of the Atomic Bomb

9. Section 5-16 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Truman told Stalin of a “secret new weapon” Stalin knew about the atomic bomb already due to a Soviet spy by the name of Klaus Fuchs who was working at Los Alamos NM. Stalin actually knew more about the bomb then Truman did (pages 642–647) Birth of the Atomic Bomb

10. Section 5-17 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. President Truman felt it was his duty to use every weapon available to save American lives. The Allies threatened Japan with “utter destruction”. (pages 642–647) Birth of the Atomic Bomb

11. Section 5-17 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Japan offered a peace deal at Potsdam thru Russia The Emperor had put together a delegation to meet with the Russians concerning a peace deal with the Americans Sticking point – the treatment of the Emperor after the war With the successful testing of the A-bomb, Truman would only accept “complete and unconditional surrender” (Potsdam Declaration) (pages 642–647) Birth of the Atomic Bomb

12. Section 5-17 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. On August 6, 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima without warning, one of Japan’s important industrial cities. Birth of the Atomic Bomb

13. Section 5-17 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 642–647)

14. Section 5-17 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 642–647)

15. Section 5-17 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 642–647)

16. Section 5-17 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 642–647) Birth of the Atomic Bomb

17. Section 5-17 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Tens of thousands of people died instantly, and thousands more died later from burns and radiation sickness. (pages 642–647) Birth of the Atomic Bomb

18. Section 5-17 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Birth of the Atomic Bomb Hiroshima Death Estimates: 100,000 killed immediately 40-70,000 more by the end of 1945 60,000 more by the end of 1950

19. Section 5-17 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Birth of the Atomic Bomb

20. Section 5-18 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. On August 9, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan. (pages 642–647) Birth of the Atomic Bomb

21. Section 5-18 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. That same day, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki, killing between 35,000 and 74,000 people. Birth of the Atomic Bomb

22. Section 5-18

24. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. On V-J Day, for “Victory in Japan”–August 15, 1945– Japan surrendered. The war ended. (pages 642–647) Birth of the Atomic Bomb

25. Section 5-16 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Legacy: Today’s nuclear weapons are thousands of times more powerful than those used in Japan. Hiroshima = 15 kilotons (15,000 tons of TNT) Tsar Bomb = 50 megatons (50,000,000 tons of TNT) Birth of the Atomic Bomb

26. Section 5-16 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Legacy: Today’s nuclear weapons are thousands of times more powerful than those used in Japan. Birth of the Atomic Bomb

27. Section 5-19 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What were FOUR reasons in favor of dropping the Atomic Bomb? 1) would prevent a land invasion that could cost thousands of American lives - some estimates put at half a million lives over ten years (Gen. MacArthur) - 6 million Japanese soldiers have already shown the willingness to fight to the death (pages 642–647) Birth of the Atomic Bomb 2) revenge for Pearl Harbor, as well as the reported mistreatment of American POWs during the war (Battan Death March) 4) you spent $2 billion on it, you better use it 3) would send a message to the Soviets and the rest of the world in post-war relations

28. Section 5-19 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What were FOUR reasons against the use of the Atomic Bomb? 1) Japan had already shown a willingness to surrender at Potsdam (same conditions received later) (pages 642–647) Birth of the Atomic Bomb 3) Hiroshima and Nagasaki were not “military” targets - no warning was given to civilians before the bomb was dropped 4) would make America’s allies feel inferior and intimidated, making America’s role in post-war relations larger than it needed to be 2) The Soviets had already said they would declare war which would of led the Japanese to surrender - Truman knew at Potsdam the Soviets would declare war in August

29. Summary and Study Guide 1 In favor of dropping the Atomic Bomb 1) would prevent a land invasion that could cost thousands of American lives (some estimates put at half a million lives over ten years) - 6 million Japanese already shown the willingness to fight to the death 2) revenge for Pearl Harbor, as well as the reported mistreatment of American POWs during the war (Battan Death March) 3) would send a message to the Soviets and the rest of the world in post- war relations 4) you spent $2 billion on it, you better use it Against dropping the Atomic Bomb 1) Japan had already shown a willingness to surrender at Potsdam (same conditions received later) 2) The Soviets had already said they would declare war which would of led the Japanese to surrender (Truman knew this from Potsdam) 3) Hiroshima and Nagasaki were not “military” targets (no warning given) 4) No return to isolationism - would make America’s allies feel inferior and intimidated, making America’s post war role larger than ever before