2. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Chapter Four The Third Step in Writing

3. Chapter 4 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Step 3 Organize and Connect the Specific Evidence methods of organizationcommon methods of organization transitions transitions connecting wordsother connecting words Organize and connect your supporting material by using:

4. Chapter 4 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Common Methods of Organization 2: emphatic order 1: time order

5. Chapter 4 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Time Order aka chronological order time. this this this this Details are listed as they occur in time. First this is done; next this; then this; after that, this; and so on. Ex: To exercise successfully, you should follow a simple plan consisting of arranging the time, making preparations, and warming up properly.

6. Chapter 4 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Emphatic Order Emphatic Order aka “saving the best for last” Emphasis the most important detail near the end Emphasis is placed on the most important detail by positioning it near the end of a paragraph. Ex.: Celebrities lead very stressful lives. Most important, celebrities must deal with the stress of being in constant danger. Ex.: Thesis: Celebrities lead very stressful lives. Last detail supporting point: Most important, celebrities must deal with the stress of being in constant danger.

7. Chapter 4 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Transitions Transitions direction road signs. Transitions signal the direction of a writer’s thought. They are like road signs that guide travelers. you’ve snagged the job of TV sports reporter, you have to begin working on the details of your image. invest in two or three loud sports jackets [...]. Ex.: After you’ve snagged the job of TV sports reporter, you have to begin working on the details of your image. First, invest in two or three loud sports jackets [...].

8. Chapter 4 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Other Connecting Words Repeated WordsRepeated Words PronounsPronouns SynonymsSynonyms

9. Chapter 4 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Repeated Words Repeating key words Repeating key words helps tie together the flow of thoughts in a paper. Ex.: One reason for studying psychology is [...]. Psychology is also useful in [...].

10. Chapter 4 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Pronouns Pronouns he, she, it, you, they, this, that, Pronouns ( he, she, it, you, they, this, that, and others) connect ideas and help you avoid needless repetition. Another way for people to economize at an amusement park is to bring their own food. If they pack a lunch, they will avoid high prices. Ex.: Another way for people to economize at an amusement park is to bring their own food. If they pack a lunch, they will avoid high prices.

11. Chapter 4 © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 8e English Skills with Readings, 6e Synonyms Synonyms pretty attractive. variety interest Synonyms are words that are alike in meaning, like pretty and attractive. They can be used to help writing flow. (They also add variety and interest to your sentences.) There are several of fund-raising [...]. One is to hold an auction [...]. Ex.: There are several methods of fund-raising [...]. One technique is to hold an auction [...].