1. Cognitive Therapy in Groups: Guidelines and Resources for Practice, Second Edition. By Michael Free. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Cognitive Therapy in Groups Session 5 Countering Logical Errors

2. Cognitive Therapy in Groups: Guidelines and Resources for Practice, Second Edition. By Michael Free. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Two Ways of Changing Your Surface Thinking  Changing the process using appropriate logic.  Changing the content of the belief or automatic thought.

3. Automatic Thoughts event Change Logical Errors to Appropriate Logic Change Logical Errors to Appropriate Logic Schema Behaviour (strategies) Emotional Consequence Accurate Belief PositiveATs Reduced negative emotion Differentbehaviour Countering by Changing Logic Logical Processes Good Logic Stream of consciousness (Includes awareness of sensation Activating

4. Automatic Thoughts event Schema Behaviour (strategies) Emotional Consequence PositiveATs Reduced negative emotion Differentbehaviour Countering by Changing Beliefs or Propositions Change the belief by countering Accurate Belief Stream of consciousness (Includes awareness of sensation Activating

5. Cognitive Therapy in Groups: Guidelines and Resources for Practice, Second Edition. By Michael Free. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Countering Definition  A counter is an alternate proposition to a Negative Thought, irrational belief or false proposition.  Countering includes such activities as using appropriate logic, arguing with yourself logically and behaving in a way contrary to the false proposition.

6. Cognitive Therapy in Groups: Guidelines and Resources for Practice, Second Edition. By Michael Free. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Rules of Countering 1.A Counter is directly opposite to the false belief, preferably stated positively and with intensity. 2.A Counter is based on appropriate logic. 3.A Counter is a believable statement of reality. 4.A Counter is your own. 5.A Counter is concise

7. Cognitive Therapy in Groups: Guidelines and Resources for Practice, Second Edition. By Michael Free. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Objective Assessment Accurate description Even-handed weighting Valid allocation of responsibility Statement of desire Appropriate probability ‘Shades of Grey’ thinking Description of ALL the information Description of the evidence Analysis of Pros and Cons Group Cognitive Therapy Group Cognitive Therapy I’ll never get my book done Appropriate Probability I’ll probably get my book done I mostly meet dead lines I'm half way through & I have six months to go I'm getting one day/week to work on it Devising Counters Example

8. Cognitive Therapy in Groups: Guidelines and Resources for Practice, Second Edition. By Michael Free. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Logical ErrorAppropriate Logic More dire than justifiedObjective Assessment Unjustified Negative PredictionAppropriate probability False AbsoluteAccurate description OvergeneralisationAccurate description Black & White ThinkingRelative “Shades of Grey thinking Biased WeightingEven-handed weighting Ignoring FactsConsideration of ALL the information Invalid allocation of responsibilityValid allocation of responsibility MindreadingStay with the evidence Must or ShouldStatement of desire Emotional ReasoningAnalysis of Pros and Cons Logical Errors and Appropriate Logic

9. Cognitive Therapy in Groups: Guidelines and Resources for Practice, Second Edition. By Michael Free. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Sentence Stems for Process Counters Logical Error  More dire than justified:  Unjustified negative prediction/  Overgeneralisation  Invalid allocation of responsibility  Mindreading  Biased weighting  Ignoring Facts  Black & White thinking/False Absolutes  Arbitrary Thinking (Shoulds)  Emotional Reasoning Sentence Stem  The facts are…  The highest probability outcome is….  The specific information is…  Appropriate apportionment of responsibility is…  I don’t know what x is thinking  This source indicates…that indicates…  An objective observer would describe the situation…  The relative or shades of grey position is…  My preference/desire is…  The pros and cons are…

10. Cognitive Therapy in Groups: Guidelines and Resources for Practice, Second Edition. By Michael Free. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Exercise: Developing Counters Develop Counters based on the Logical Errors or beliefs you have identified

11. Cognitive Therapy in Groups: Guidelines and Resources for Practice, Second Edition. By Michael Free. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Group Cognitive Therapy Group Cognitive Therapy Process Perceptual Shift Example I’ll never get my book done AP I’ll probably get my book done *I mostly meet deadlines *I'm half way through & I have six months to go *I'm getting one day/week to work on it

12. Cognitive Therapy in Groups: Guidelines and Resources for Practice, Second Edition. By Michael Free. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Countering Using Index Cards

13. Cognitive Therapy in Groups: Guidelines and Resources for Practice, Second Edition. By Michael Free. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Individual Work from Session 5 1.Devise Counters for as many of your ABCs as you have been able to identify Logical Errors for so far. 2.Complete Process Perceptual Shift Worksheets for those same ABCs. 3.Rehearse some of your Perceptual Shifts each night.