1. PACIFC ISLAND LANGUAGE AND CULTURE: IMPLICATIONS FOR ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT

3. Map of the Pacific Islands

5. Fiji

6. Tonga

7. Guam

8. Sunset in Guam

9. I. GENERAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION** Population: 1=Hawaiians, 2=Samoans, 3=Chamorros (Guam) PIs have been influenced by many different cultures Main areas: Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia (specific islands in each area will NOT be on the exam)

10. In the U.S., the Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander group has grown between 1990-2000.** Race alone: 9.3% growth Race alone or in combination: 139.5% AAPIs comprise 4% of the total U.S. population They are expected to reach 10% of the population by 2050. Mokuau, M., & Tauili’ili, P. (2011): currently 846,000 PIs live in the U.S. Unfortunately, some PIs such as Samoans in the U.S. experience abject poverty

11. II. CULTURAL CUSTOMS AND COURTESIES** Hospitality, generosity, and sharing are very important Attitudes toward life are relaxed

12. Tonga

13. Kayaking in Guam

14. Transportation in Bali

15. III. EDUCATION** Based on oral learning Rote memorization; children are taught to conform, not be individualistic and creative Things are done in groups, not individually Resources like books are challenging to come by

19. California Educator 2015:

20. In the Fijiian village of Natawadawadi…

23. Statistics show:** 10.6% of the U.S. population has a graduate or professional degree Only 4.3% of Pacific Islanders have this type of degree

24. IV. PACIFIC ISLAND FAMILY LIFE** Extended families are common Child care is provided by multiple caretakers Heavy emphasis on authority and respect Emphasis on well-being of family, not individual rights

25. For example, in Samoa:

26. Mokuau, M., & Tauili’ili, P.:

28. V. HEALTH CARE AND DISABILITIES

30. ASHA Leader articles:

32. VI. COMMUNICATION STYLES

33. Research of Schieffelin Ochs compared American and Samoan mothers

34. VII. LANGUAGE CONSIDERATIONS** Over 1200 indigenous languages are spoken in the Islands Language is influenced by culture

35. The specifics about Hawaiian, Tahitian, Fijian, Chamorro, and Samoan languages on pp.182- 183 are not on the exam ** Please do know the general PI language considerations on page 181; stop where you see “Hawaiian language”

37. Youtube example: Hawaiian Pidgin English (part 2)

38. VIII. IMPLICATIONS FOR SLPS** We must fully explain paperwork requiring signatures Be careful about requesting parents to come to school Use a collective rather than individual storytelling method