1. Major Endocrine Organs
Chapter 8: The Endocrine System
Lesson 8.2
Major Endocrine Organs

2. Major Endocrine Organs

3. The Hypothalamus helps regulate metabolism heart rate energy level
body temperature
thirst

4. Pituitary Gland Has two lobes
Anterior
Posterior
Hormones secreted by the pituitary gland function in 2 ways
They can act directly on target tissue to cause a specific response OR
The can stimulate other endocrine glands to release their own hormones (Tropic Hormones)

5. Anterior Pituitary secretes 6 different hormones:
4 of those are tropic hormones

6. Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary
prolactin (PRO)
growth of mammary glands
milk production in a nursing mother
growth hormone (GH)
growth of bone and muscles
Gluconeogensis = process where GH stimulates fats & proteins to be converted into glucose by the liver

7. Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary
adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)
release of steroid hormones from adrenal cortex
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
release of T4 and T3 from thyroid gland
Tropic Hormones
Thyroxine
Triiodothyronine

8. Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
in females
estrogen production
egg production
in males
sperm production
luteinizing hormone (LH)
ovulation
testosterone
Tropic Hormones

9. Posterior Pituitary An extension of the hypothalamus
Does not produce it’s own hormones
Stores ADH and Oxytocin (produced by the Hypothalamus)

10. Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary
antidiuretic hormone
acts on kidney, decreases urine output
oxytocin
acts on uterus, causes contractions
acts on breast, causes secretion of milk
Tropic Hormones

11. Major Endocrine Glands
thyroid gland
thyroxine T4 and triiodothyronine T3
controls rate of metabolism
calcitonin
removes calcium from blood, puts into bones
parathyroid gland
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
removes calcium from bones, puts into blood

14. Major Endocrine Glands
thymus gland
thymosin
development of immune system (T-cells)
pineal gland
melatonin
produces sleepiness

15. Adrenal Glands adrenal medulla (part of the nervous system)
epinephrine and norepinephrine
adrenaline rush
adrenal cortex (outer layer)
mineralocorticoids
aldosterone
sodium and water reabsorbed in kidneys
glucocorticoids
cortisone and cortisol
promote gluconeogenesis
sex hormones
estrogen and androgens
maintains sexual characteristics

16. Adrenal Cortex

17. islets of Langerhans Pancreas alpha cells beta cells
glucagon
increase blood glucose level
beta cells
insulin
decrease blood glucose level
Normal range m/dL

18. Gonads ovaries testes estrogen testosterone
secondary sexual characteristics
progesterone
menstrual cycle
testes
testosterone
sperm production
Encased by the scrotum (located outside the body)

19. Review and Assessment
Fill in the blanks with: ADH, thyroxine, thymosin, or adrenal cortex. 1. The thymus gland produces _______________. 2. The posterior pituitary gland produces oxytocin and _______________. 3. Mineralocorticoids are produced by the _______________. 4. T4 is also called _______________.
thymosin
stores
ADH
Adrenal cortex
thyroxine