1. Freight, Fuel, and Emissions Emily Rapp, Jennifer Friel, Nicholas Roberto, Jonathon Young

2. Table of Contents Design Task steps Brainstorming Cost Analysis Final design Gantt Chart Summary References Questions

3. Philadelphia needs a way to reduce the amount of smog coming into their city. Changing/updating transportation

4. The multimodal freight transportation into Philadelphia needs to be updated, in a cost effective way.

5. Our device was built keeping our stakeholders needs in mind.

6. There were certain specifications we had to take into account when designing. Continue bringing in 165,000 tons of freight or increase the amount of freight meet tier 4 EPA standards of staying under 0.1 (g/hp-hr) for PM and 5.6 (g/hp- hr) for NOx Transport freight from a 500 mile radius The cost needs to be the lowest of our many ideas The public needs to be satisfied The freight needs to be on time within the hour

7. Ideas 1.Buy new locomotive fleet with tier four requirements 2.Use aftertreatment on the locomotives to get them to tier four standards a.Turbochargers b.2 strokes c.Weight reduction 3.Combination of tier 3 and tier 4 trains 4.Transport coal from Cincinnati to barge by truck, transport by boat to Pittsburgh, then from Pittsburgh to Philadelphia by train (that is tier 4) a.cost of boat and truck is less than that for train so if we cut down the amount of time we are shipping by train, we cut down on total cost

8. Ideas 5. Use electric trains a.Pro: less emissions b.Con: most likely cannot pull the weight we need it to 6. Use Hydrogen fuel cells as energy a. Pros: i. Efficient ii. Require only hydrogen to run (world’s most abundant element) iii. Emissions are H 2 O b. Cons: i. A hydrogen fuel cell is heavy ii. Difficult to make in a larger scale (fitted for freight locomotives) iii. Expensive to produce 7. Ship 75% of the total freight by boat and the rest 25% by train a.cargo ships are the cheapest, safest, and release the least amount of emissions b.Train takes the rest of the freight the cargo ships cannot carry 8. Liquid natural gas a.carry more natural gas and costs less, more useful for big operations b.LNG only needs a liquefaction plant as opposed to CNG needing a large compressor system 9. 50-50 a.half the fleet is replaced with brand new tier 4 trains b.half the fleet is tier 3 trains with aftertreatment

9. Evaluate Volume of a 40’ steel storage shipping cargo container: 2720ft 2 Volume of typical 48’ tractor trailer: 3566ft 2 (http://yrc.com/trailer-dimensions/)http://yrc.com/trailer-dimensions/ Tractor Trailer can hold 4,400 lbs Costs $0.97 Per ton Mile when shipping by barge $2.53 Per ton Mile when shipping by rail $5.35 Per ton Mile when shipping by truck Fuel Efficiency 576 ton miles per gallon of fuel- Barge 413 ton miles per gallon of fuel- Rail 155 ton miles per gallon of fuel- Truck http://waterways.arkansas.gov/education/Pages/whyWaterways.aspx

10. Concept Screening

11. Narrowing down our ideas #4#7 #3#2

12. Weighted matrix

13. Weighted Screening

14. We mapped out the different routes taken by train and barge to find to best one possible.

15. Cost Analysis Idea 4: 50% of the way by Barge, 50% of the way by Train Cost: $448+$888 = $1,336 Total Cost of transporting 165,000 tons of cargo: $1,336 Emissions Total distance: Truck: 6,331 tons Rail: 2,777 tons Barge: 2,316 tons

16. Final Design Idea 4: 50% of the way by Barge, 50% of the way by Train Tier 4 trains Total miles: 813 miles Final cost: $1,336 Pollutants: Truck: 6,331 tons of CO2 Rail: 2,777 tons of CO2 Barge: 2,316 tons of CO2

17. We created a Gantt Chart to keep on schedule

18. References -http://business.tenntom.org/why-use-the-waterway/shipping-comparisons/http://business.tenntom.org/why-use-the-waterway/shipping-comparisons/ -http://www3.epa.gov/ttnchie1/conference/ei10/fugdust/muleski.pdfhttp://www3.epa.gov/ttnchie1/conference/ei10/fugdust/muleski.pdf -http://www.che.utexas.edu/course/che359&384/lecture_notes/topic_3/Chapter4.pdfhttp://www.che.utexas.edu/course/che359&384/lecture_notes/topic_3/Chapter4.pdf -http://infohouse.p2ric.org/ref/01/00702.pdfhttp://infohouse.p2ric.org/ref/01/00702.pdf -https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cellhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell -https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20111018000728AA7NrSXhttps://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20111018000728AA7NrSX -https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaviest_trainshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaviest_trains -http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167273806003304http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167273806003304 -https://www.demanddetroit.com/pdf/vocations/aftertreatmentbrochure.pdfhttps://www.demanddetroit.com/pdf/vocations/aftertreatmentbrochure.pdf -http://vaperforms.virginia.gov/indicators/transportation/multimodalTransport.phphttp://vaperforms.virginia.gov/indicators/transportation/multimodalTransport.php -https://shop.southpolecarbon.com/en/category/freightsavehttps://shop.southpolecarbon.com/en/category/freightsave -http://www.poferrymasters.com/about-us/the-environment/co2-emission-calculatorhttp://www.poferrymasters.com/about-us/the-environment/co2-emission-calculator

19. QUESTIONS?