Performance Charts.

Performance Charts

Definition of Performance
Expected values that the pilot can anticipate: Fuel Burn Climb Rates Landing and Takeoff Calculations Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Performance Section of POH
Always Section 5 of the POH GLENPWAS: General Limitations Emergency Procedures Normal Procedures Performance Weight and Balance Aircraft Systems Supplements Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.
Assumptions Certain assumptions are made with the POH Performance Section: Pilot performs tasks correctly Good engine – brand new airplane Test pilot Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Interpretation Pilots must know how to interpret the charts Otherwise they are useless Liability for those that do not follow the charts Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Formats – Table (Cessna Style)
The table format is designed to be fast and accurate Cessna and Beechcraft are big into the table style Pilots must read and understand ALL notes Notes for things such as Grass Runways, Wet Runways, Flap Conditions, etc. Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Socrative Question 1: Given the following table for the Cessna 172, compute: Takeoff distance for Montgomery Field Takeoff distance for a Dry, Grass Runway Takeoff runway 28R with 9 knots of Headwind 20 Degrees Celsius 2000 feet Pressure Altitude Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Interpolation The pilot’s way of averaging Used more in the Table format than the Graph format Take the two numbers and divide by two Could be interpolating multiple times on a chart Take the Cessna chart for example: 15 degrees Celsius 1500 foot Pressure Altitude Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Extrapolation It’s possible that the test pilot did not fly all of the values that are possible for the given airplane For that case, we can follow the line, or make a general guess to what the values are based on their indicated trend Example: Piper based in Vero Beach, Florida Some fly in Alaska at high altitudes Density altitude may not be possible for 10,000 feet Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Cautions on Extrapolation
Remember that nothing is a “given” when you extrapolate If you decide to continue these values, you assume the responsibility and risk if something were to go wrong Best practice: Don’t go if it is not in the performance section Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Graph Format Familiarity with Piper Designed to be more beneficial for multiple situations Pilot can input a variety of factors Notes still must be read, but fewer than in the Table format Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Socrative Question 2: Given the following table for the Piper Warrior, compute: Takeoff distance for Montgomery Field Takeoff runway 28R with 9 knots of Headwind 20 Degrees Celsius 2000 feet Pressure Altitude Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

So What Gives? We Care about all charts for the Archer So let’s go through them one by one with situations that you would use each chart Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

5-1 Temperature Conversion
Why use it? When to use it Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

5-3 Airspeed Calibration
Why use it? CAS is one of the primary reference points, as it describes the dynamic pressure acting on aircraft surfaces regardless of the existing conditions of temperature, pressure altitude or wind CAS is an Intermediate step for TAS When to use it Before every flight Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

5-5 Stall Speeds Why use it? When to use it Before every flight Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

5-7 Flaps Up Takeoff Performance
Why use it? When to use it Prior to normal takeoff with an obstacle Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

5-9 25 Degrees Flaps Takeoff Performance
Why use it? When to use it Prior to short field takeoff Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

5-11 Takeoff Performance Why use it? When to use it Prior to normal takeoff Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

5-13 25 Degrees Flaps Takeoff Performance
Why use it? When to use it Prior to takeoff with 25 degrees flaps but no obstacle Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

5-15 Climb Performance Why use it? Determine your climb rate prior to flight When to use it Prior to each flight to “feel” how far you are from the charts described values Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

5-17 Time, Distance and Fuel to Climb
Why use it? When to use it Prior to each flight to determine distance to climb Obstacle and Terrain Clearance Airspace Clearance (Do you need to circle?) Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

5-19 Engine Performance Why use it? Determine Cruise fuel flow Determine RPM When to use it Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

5-21 Speed Power Performance Cruise
Why use it? Determine True Airspeed When to use it How are you leaning the Mixture? Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

5-23 Speed Power Economy Cruise
Why use it? Determine True Airspeed When to use it How are you leaning the Mixture? Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

5-25 Range – Best Power Why use it? Determine Maximum Range When to use it How are you leaning the Mixture? Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

5-27 Range – Best Economy Why use it? Determine Maximum Range When to use it How are you leaning the Mixture? Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

5-29 Range – Endurance Why use it? Determine how long you can Fly When to use it How are you leaning the Mixture? Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

5-31 Time, Fuel, Distance to Descend
Why use it? Determine when to begin descent The meatball rule for higher altitudes When to use it Note: 122 KIAS descent Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

5-33 Glide Range Why use it? Every flight! When to use it Note: Max. Weight Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

5-35 Landing Performance Why use it? When to use it Over 50 foot barrier Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

5-37 Landing Ground Roll Why use it? When to use it Normal Landing Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Factors that Affect Performance
Weight Wings Generate Lift Energy used for lift can’t be used for other things (engine power) Wind Help or Hinder Why do we takeoff into the wind? Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Factors that Affect Performance (cont.)
Density Altitude High, Hot & Humid – Reduce Performance Engine Performance lowered Engine must take in a larger volume of air Wings and Propeller as well Lower Air Density reduces drag Pressure Altitude Only used as an intermediate calculation Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Takeoff and Landing Performance
Weight Affects ability to generate lift Affects ability to brake Wind Creates drag – induced drag creates lift Runway Conditions Snowy / Icy reduces braking Hydroplaning Snow / Slush may create more drag Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Takeoff and Landing Performance (cont.)
Runway Surface Asphalt Grass Dirt Runway Gradient Upslope increases takeoff Downslope decreases takeoff Opposite affect on landing Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Climb Performance VX – Best Angle of Climb Used to clear obstacles Most Altitude over Distance Normally increases slightly with altitude Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Climb Performance (cont.)
VY – Best Rate of Climb Used for normal climb Maximum increase of altitude over time Normally decreases slightly with altitude Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Service Ceiling – Airplane only climbs 100 foot per minute ATC – Climb Requirements Absolute Ceiling – The Airplane will no longer climb Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

When to use VX Clearing an Obstacle When to use VY Normal Climb Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

References Jeppesen Private Pilot Guided Flight Manual Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Piper Archer II POH Cessna 172 POH Piper Cherokee Warrior POH Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Performance Charts.

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