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The Age of Jackson
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Essential Question For some the election of Andrew Jackson brought about a revolutionary change in politics for the common man as opposed to it being a continuation of the trend toward greater voter participation. Support, modify, or refute this contention using specific evidence. Jackson Inauguration Parade: Cheese in the White House:
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Jacksonian Democracy Rise of a Democratic Society Egalitarian
Classless society Equality of opportunity Specifically, white males The ‘self-made man’ was the hero of this time Jackson stands up to a British soldier:
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Expansion of Democracy
Universal Male Suffrage Omission of religious and property requirements Party Nominating Conventions Anti-Masons develop an anti-caucus system Popular Elections Reemergence of the Two-Party System Needed to organize campaigns Rise of Third Parties Anti-Masonic, Workingmen’s Increase in # of Elected Offices Popular Campaigning Negative Campaigning Spoils System
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Jackson vs. Adams Election of 1824 President John Quincy Adams
The “Corrupt bargain” President John Quincy Adams Attempts to expand American System Internal improvements, aid to manufacturing Election of 1824: Corrupt Bargain:
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Quick Research Tariff of 1828 – “Abominations” What was it?
How did southerners view it? Impacts on the South?
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The Jackson Administration
Revolution of 1828 Impact of the Western vote Symbol of the “Common Man” Self-made man Presidential Power Strict Constructionist The Veto (12) More than previous 6 presidents… combined Maysville Road The Kitchen Cabinet Closest advisors Not the official Cabinet Election of 1828:
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Eaton Affair Jackson defends Sec. of War’s wife
Other Cabinet wives were gossiping and refuse to accept her Most of the Cabinet resigns VP John C. Calhoun replaced by Martin Van Buren
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Indian Removal Act (1830) Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)
Cherokee not a foreign nation Can sue at the SCOTUS Worcester v. Georgia (1832) Marshall sides with natives Natives have a right to the land Trail of Tears
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Power Struggles Nullification Crisis The Bank War
SC nullifies Tariff of Abominations Webster-Hayne Debates (1830) Tariff of 1832 Force Bill Invasion of SC imminent Jackson “Nullification and disunion are treason” Compromise Tariff of 1833 (Clay & Calhoun) The Bank War Bank benefits the wealthy, at the expense of the commoners Biddle and the early re-charter (1832) Veto Election of 1832 Jackson wins big Downfall of Mother Bank:
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Two Party System Democrats Whigs Issues Supported Major Concerns
Local Rule Limited Government Free Trade Opportunity for white males National Bank Federal funds for internal improvements Protective tariff (The American System) Major Concerns Monopolies National bank High Tariffs High land prices Crime associated w/immigrants Base of Voter Support The South and West Urban Workers New England and Mid-Atlantic states Protestants of English heritage (WASP) Urban professionals
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Jackson’s 2nd Term “Pet” Banks Specie Circular
Transfer of federal funds to state banks Results: Unregulated loans and speculation Specie Circular Purchases of federal land must be made in gold and silver Bank notes lose value Land sales plummet Panic of 1837
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The Van Buren Administration
Election of 1836 Whig strategy fails Van Buren’s Inheritance: Bank failures, panic, and depression Enforcement of the Indian Removal Act Martin “Van Ruin”
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Election of 1840 “Log Cabin and Hard Cider” Campaign
“Tippecanoe and Tyler, too” 78% turnout (white males) A Whig victory, but… Tyler: the Democrat in Whig’s clothing First VP to assume the presidency 1: 2:
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Image Analysis – Trail of Tears
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Primary Source Analysis: King Andrew I
C – Historical Context A – Audience P – Purpose P – Point of View ?
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Andrew Jackson’s Shifting Legacy
Read and analyze a historian’s take on Andrew Jackson Highlight the important pieces of the argument. What is the evidence they use to support these pieces? Guiding Questions What arguments can be made that Jackson’s presidency does not warrant the notoriety that it has? What arguments can be made that it is deserving of such notoriety? Why is Jackson considered an emblem of American Democracy? What is the counter argument? What argument is presented that portrays Jackson as a president for the “Common Man”? What event has become synonymous with Andrew Jackson? How would Jackson defend this action? How would other criticize it?
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