1. The two major African civilizations of Sub-Saharan Africa are:
1. Ghana
2. Kush (located on upper – southern Nile)

2. Kush was (1) located in and (2) traded with:
1. East Africa
2. Egypt

3. Ghana was (1) located in and (2) traded gold for:
1. West Africa
2. Salt

4. Ancient African kingdom in present-day Ethiopia or NE Africa near the Nile River
AXUM

5. CHRISTIANITY (they were converted by missionaries)
Religion of Axum
CHRISTIANITY
(they were converted by missionaries)

6. Bantu kingdom in Southern Africa, in between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers:
ZIMBABWE

7. Capital of Bantu kingdoms walled city-states
“Great Zimbabwe”

8. Kingdom b/w Niger River and the Sahara Desert in NW Africa
MALI

9. Capital of Mali, a center of trade and learning
TIMBUKTU

10. Religion spread to N. Africa in 700s AD
ISLAM

11. Animism (many ethnic religions are animist)
African religions that believed spirits reside in all of nature – before Islam and Christianity spread to Africa
Animism (many ethnic religions are animist)

12. Kingdom in NW Africa that conquered Mali and was located on the Niger River and Sahara Desert
SONGHAI