1. Protein Synthesis Transcription

2. DNA vs. RNA Single stranded Ribose sugar Uracil Anywhere Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Thymine Nucleus

3. 3 Types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA): Carries information from DNA to ribosome for________________. Transfer RNA (tRNA): Transport _________________. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): makes up the _____________. protein synthesis amino acids ribosomes

4. Part 1:Steps of Transcription 1. An _________ attaches to a section of DNA, separating the two strands. 2. The enzyme moves down the DNA, building a strand of RNA that is ______________ to the DNA. 3. The enzyme reads a _____ code and the new strand of RNA is completed and moves into the _______________. enzyme complementary STOP cytoplasm

6. Protein Synthesis Translation

7. Protein Structure Protein is made up of amino acids What bond connects the amino acids? Polypeptides- chain of amino acids

8. The genetic code The base sequence is read in groups of _____ ___________ __________. Each 3-nucleotide sequence is called a ______. Each codon encodes for a specific ______ _____or a ______or ______signal. three adjacent nucleotides codon amino acid startstop

9. Codon 64 different codons and 20 amino acids Each codon codes for an amino acid (protein) Other codons code for “start” and “stop” signals for protein synthesis EX: GGU codes for glycine

11. Amino Acid Anti-codon

12. Steps of Translation 1. mRNA attaches to a _________. Amino acids floating in the cytoplasm are transported to the ribosome by _______. 2. The first tRNA binds to the ______ codon: AUG. ribosome tRNA start

13. 3. Another tRNA binds to the next codon and carries the appropriate amino acid. A _______ ______ forms between the two amino acids. 4. The first tRNA leaves and the ribsome moves across the next _______. peptide bond codon

14. 5. Another tRNA binds to the codon and attaches the corresponding amino acid. The ____________ chain continues to grow. 6. Finally, the ribosome reads the ______ ______, and the polypeptide falls off the ribosome. http://www.wellesley.edu/Chemistry/chem227/nucleicfunction/translation/prtsynth.mov polypeptide STOP codon

15. Amino acid tRNA ribosome mRNA polypeptide

16. The final step of protein synthesis: The polypeptide made at the end of translation, folds into the proper ________, becoming a functional ________. shape protein

17. The central dogma of biology DNA  RNA  protein

18. Sickle Cell Anemia