1. Types of Long-Term Memory
09/11/2015
Types of Long-Term Memory
“Types of long-term memory: episodic, semantic, procedural”

2. Types of Long-Term Memory
09/11/2015
Types of Long-Term Memory
AO1
Recall the three types of long-term memory as described by Tulving (1985).
AO2
Apply knowledge of the types of LTM to understand the case of Clive Wearing
AO3
Evaluate episodic, semantic and procedural types of memories by using scientific evidence
The exams will measure how students have achieved the following assessment objectives.
AO1:
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas, processes, techniques and procedures.
AO2: Apply knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas, processes, techniques and procedures:
• in a theoretical context
• in a practical context
• when handling qualitative data
• when handling quantitative data.
AO3: Analyse, interpret and evaluate scientific information, ideas and evidence, including in relation to issues, to:
• make judgements and reach conclusions • develop and refine practical design and procedures.

3. Categorise these Long-term memories
09/11/2015
Categorise these Long-term memories
Reading
Learning people’s names
How to write a PEEL paragraph
Your first day of school
Writing
Learning to swim
How to make scrambled eggs
Categorise
Definition of ‘normative social influence’
Concept of ‘love’
Riding a bike

4. Episodic Memory
Create your own definition of ‘episodic memory’ using the following words:
Events
Experienced
Conscious thought
Declarative
Time-stamped
Give example

5. Episodic Memory
Episodic memory is a part of the long-term memory responsible for storing information about events (i.e. episodes) that we have experienced in our lives.  It involves conscious thought because you have to make a conscious effort to remember it and is declarative.  These memories are ‘time-stamped’ and you remember when they happened. An example would be a memory of our 1st day at school.

6. Semantic Memory
Create your own definition of ‘semantic memory’ using the following words:
Information
World
Meaning
Knowledge
Conscious thought
Example

7. Semantic Memory
Semantic memory is a part of the long-term memory responsible for storing information about the world.  This includes knowledge about the meaning of words, as well as general knowledge. For example, London is the capital of England. It involves conscious thought and is mostly declarative.

8. Procedural Memory
Create your own definition of ‘procedural memory’ using the following words:
How to do things, i.e. memory of motor skills.
Unconscious
Automatic
Not declarative
Give example

9. Procedural Memory
Procedural memory is a part of the long-term memory is responsible for knowing how to do things, i.e. memory of motor skills. It does not involve conscious (i.e. it’s unconscious - automatic) thought and is not declarative. For example, procedural memory would involve knowledge of how to ride a bicycle.

10. Compare and contrast
Explain one difference between semantic memory and procedural memory (2 marks)

11. What are the types of long term memory?
Episodic Memory
Semantic Memory
Procedural Memory

12. Give an example of an episodic memory
Any memory that relates to events in your life

13. Explain what is meant by episodic memory.
Episodic memory is a part of the long-term memory responsible for storing information about events (i.e. episodes) that we have experienced in our lives. 
It involves conscious thought because you have to make a conscious effort to remember it and is declarative. 
These memories are ‘time-stamped’ and you remember when they happened.
Example

14. Explain what is meant by semantic memory.
Semantic memory is a part of the long-term memory responsible for storing information about the world. 
This includes knowledge about the meaning of words, as well as general knowledge.
It involves conscious thought and is mostly declarative.
Example

15. Give an example of procedural memory
Any memory that is related to actions, skills or how we do things.

16. 09/11/2015
Clive Wearing
Ext: Which type of long-term memory do you think Clive Wearing has lost?

18. How do the following provide evidence different types of long term memory:

19. How do the following provide evidence different types of long term memory:

20. How do the following provide evidence different types of long term memory:

21. Neuroimaging evidence
How do the following provide evidence different types of long term memory:
Clinical evidence
Real life application
Neuroimaging evidence

22. 09/11/2015
Real life application
(Point) Being able to identify different aspects of LTM allows psychologists to target certain kinds of memory in order to improve people’s lives. (Evidence) Belleville et al. (2006) demonstrated that episodic memories could be improved in older people who had mild cognitive impairment. (Elaboration) Trained participants performed better on an episodic memory test after training when compared to a control group. (Link) ….
Link: Episodic memory is the type of memory most often affected by mild cognitive impairment; identifying different types of LTM is useful because it enables specific treatments to be developed.

23. Neuroimaging evidence
(Point) Evidence from brain scan studies suggests that different parts of the brain are associated with the storage of different types of memory. (Evidence) Tulving et al. (1994) asked participants to perform various memory tasks while their brains were scanned using a PET scanner. (Elaborate) What did Tulving find? (Link) How does Tulving’s findings support the point being made here?

24. Clinical evidence
(Point), (Evidence), (Elaboration) (Link) This evidence supports Tulving’s view that there are different memory stores in LTM because one store can be damaged and the others can be affected. This is clear evidence that not only are these types of memories different, but that they are stored in different parts of the brain.