1. Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
Anthrax
Flesh Eating Bacteria

2. OVERVIEW What is a typical bacteria like?
2 Types of cells: Eukaryotic / Prokaryotic
2 Types of Bacteria:
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
How to classify bacteria!
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3. All Bacteria Possess Unicellular; some stick together
Prokaryotic; lack nucleus
Single chromosome; DNA loop
Reproduce asexually; binary fission
Thrive in moist environments; inactive if dry
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4. 2 Types of Cells Eukaryotic – TRUE NUCLEUS Plants and animal cells
Prokaryotic – BEFORE NUCLEUS
Bacteria
LOOK AT TABLE # 1 page 108…
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5. Kingdom Archaea
OVERHEAD
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6. Kingdom Eubacteria BEST EXAMPLE (E. Coli)
Billions live in our intestines and help digest food.
If high counts of E. Coli are in water it can be dangerous to our health.
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7. Prokaryotic Cell Structure
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8. Prokaryotic Cell Structure
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9. Prokaryotic Cell Structure1 2 3 4 5 7 6 8 9
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10. Prokaryotic Cell Structure
slime capsule 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 8 9
cell wall
cell membrane
flagellum
pili
plasmid
ribosomes
chromosome
cytoplasm
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11. Prokaryotic Cell Structure
Description
Function
Slime Capsule
Cell Wall
helps bacteria cling to surfaces
protects bacteria from:
a) dehydration
b) viral attacks
c) attacks by phagocytes
ex. WBC’s
gelatinous, moist, surrounding the cell wall
* the thicker the capsule, the more …
pathogenic it is
rigid, gives bacteria shape
permeable
support & protection
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12. Prokaryotic Cell Structure
Description
Function
3.Cell Membrane
4. Flagellum
* may have more than one
flexible, phospholipid bilayer
semi-permeable (selectively-permeable)
allows only certain substances in/out of the cell
controls what enters or leaves the cell
long whip-like structure
made of protein microtubules
propels bacteria through liquids
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13. Prokaryotic Cell Structure
Description
Function
5. Ribosomes
6. Chromosome
7. Cytoplasm
tiny, dense, spherical bodies
free-floating in cytoplasm
makes proteins
controls cell’s activities
by coding for proteins
needed for survival
single circular strand of
DNA
gel-like interior of cell, mostly water
constantly moving
contains all substances cell needs & circulates them around cell
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14. Prokaryotic Cell Structure Description Function 8. Plasmid 9. Pili
(pilus-one)
important in sexual reproduction
small extra loops of DNA
help cells attach to surfaces
floatation; increase buoyancy
help in sexual reproduction
short protein appendages
smaller than flagella
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15. Bacteria Disadvantages: Food spoilage: Cause disease by:
feeding on & destroying tissue
ex. Strep throat, flesh-eating disease
producing toxins
ex. botulism, tetanus
Food spoilage:
multiply very quickly in ideal conditions
about 20 min.
only need warmth, moisture, & food
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16. Advantages Commercially used to make: dairy products - cheese, yogurt
vinegar
methane
acetone
Use genetically engineered bacteria to mass produce medical supplies
antibiotics
insulin
growth hormone
vaccines
Viral Vectors
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17. Recycle dead organisms
Clean up industrial toxic waste by breaking them down into simpler compounds less toxic to the environment
oil spills
Recycle dead organisms
decompose into simpler elements which fertilize the soil
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18. ‘Natural flora’ in small & large intestines which: help digest food
make vitamins B & K
provide competition for pathogenic bacteria & fungi
Nitrogen-fixation:
convert nitrogen gas into nitrates in soil to fertilize it for plants ex. legumes
Gave rise to mitochondria
& chloroplasts in
eukaryotic cells
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19. Homework Read page 108 - 112 Do questions p. 112 # 1, 2, 4, 7
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