1. Design Project #1 Replacement of Vehicle Bridge over Spring Creek Centre County, PA Introduction to Engineering Design EDGSN 100 Section 001 Team Armadillo Design Team Number 7 Marisa Coltabaugh James Ross Arianna Vetrano Dan Weisner Presented to: Prof. Berezniak Fall 2015

2. Statement of Problem 2 A bridge to Mt Nittany Medical Center, vital for emergency access, was recently destroyed by a hundred years flood. *Not the actual Spring Creek bridge

3. Objective PennDOT has initiated a fast track project to design and build a new bridge over Spring Creek. 3 spring creek

4. Design Criteria PennDOT District 2-0 has established the design criteria for the replacement bridge to include: standard abutments, no piers (one span), deck material shall be medium strength concrete (0.23 meters thick), no cable anchorages and designed for the load of two AASHTO H20-44 trucks (225kN) with one in each traffic lane. The bridge deck elevation shall be set at 20 meters and the deck span shall be exactly 40 meters. Both a Warren through truss bridge and a Howe through truss bridge shall be analyzed. All other design criteria, such as: steel member type, steel cross section type, and steel member size shall be selected by each EDSGN100 design team. 4

5. Technical Approach Phase 1: Economic Efficiency 5

6. Results Phase 1: Economic Efficiency Final Cost: $210, 905.88 6

7. Technical Approach Phase 2: Structural Efficiency 7

8. Results Phase 2: Structural Efficiency The Howe Truss Bridge’s Structural Efficiency was 195.6 8

9. Technical Approach Phase 1: Economic Efficiency 9 High Strength Steel Carbon Steel

10. Results Phase 1: Economic Efficiency 10 Final Cost: $246,355.81.

11. Technical Approach Phase 2: Structural Efficiency 11

12. Results Phase 2: Structural Efficiency The Warren Truss Bridge’s Structural Efficiency was 334.7 12

13. Best Solution To incorporate economic efficiency strategies from the Howe through truss bridge, with the structural efficiency of the Warren through truss bridge. 13

14. Conclusions The economic efficiency for the Howe through truss bridge was achieved by using hollow tubes in compression, and solid beams in tension. Smaller dimension members were applied in areas with smaller forces. However, the price was kept minimal by maintaining some uniformity in dimension sizes. For structural efficiency, the top and bottom chords, as well as highest force members (both tension and compression) were reinforced and supported by the highest quality beams. However, it is believed that struts were not properly secured; that the hot glue did not set adequately. The economic efficiency for the Warren through truss bridge was achieved by using the same size tubing for most of the bridge and then adjusting size and material as needed, per the weakest members. For structural efficiency, we had seven triangles in our truss rather than five. The truss was doubled and tripled in certain sections for increased strength. 14

15. Recommendations 15 The previous bridge destroyed by the recent extreme flood event was not structurally stable and able to resist such flood. Therefore, tests should be done to assure that the next bridge will be able to withstand storms that may occur in the area. In addition, the piers should be taller and stronger so that the bridge will not collapse. The next step that should be accomplished to advance the project into Final Design for the replacement bridge is to contact fabricators and contract. For our physical bridges, make sure they are more structurally stable, for example, reducing the wobble.