2. 2 Limbic System Limbic lobe Hippocampal formatiom Hipocampus

3. Limbic System Limbic Lobe (Cortex) Hippocampal formation Septal Area Parahippocampal gyrus Cingulate gyrus Insula Some parts of Diencephalon Some nuclei of Midbrain Related Subcortical Nuclei Amygdala Corticomedial group Bsolateral group

4. 4 Limbus = A ring A ring of cortex around Corpus Callosum and Diencephalon

5. 5 Hippocampal formation HippocampusDentateSubiculum

6. 6

7. Anatomy of Hippocampus

8. 8

9. Limbic functions Regulate Emotional & Motivational aspect of Behaviour Changing short-term Memory into long-term Memory (Learning)

10. 10 Cornu Ammonis Hippocampus = Ammon,s horn (Cornu) after Egyptian deity with ram,s head For research purpose, it is divided into 4 cornu ammonis (CA) zones : –CA1 –CA2 –CA3 –CA4

16. Connections of hippocampus 1- Perforant pathway from entorhinal area to dentate gyrus 2- Axons from dentate to pyramidal cell in CA3 sector 3- Axons from CA3 to fimbria 4- A branch from the CA3 fiber called Schaffer collateral, projects to CA1 5- CA1 projects to entorhinal cortex

17. Afferent Connections to Hippocampus 10 Groups of fibers pass to Hippocampus: 1- Fibers from cingulate gyrus 2- Fibers from septal area 3- Fibers from opposite hippocampus 4- Fibers from indusium grisum 5- Fibers from enthorhinal or olfactory area 6- Fibers from dentate and subiculum

18. Afferents connections cont… 6- From auditory, visual, olfactory association cortex 7- Cholinergic fibers from septal area 8- Noradrenergic fibers from ceruleus nucleus 9- Cerotonergic fibers from raphe nuclei 10- Dopaminergic fibers from ventral tegmental area

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20. Branches Of Basilar Artery Pontine Labyrinthine Artery Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Superior Cerebellar Artery Posterior Cerebral Artery

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26. 138326 Coronal plane of Sinus Cavernous Looking from front to back

27. 138327 Lenticulostriate Arteries Supply the Basal Ganglia and Internal Capsule

28. 138328 Arterial Supply of the Thalamus and Basal Ganglia

29. 138329 Superficial and Deep Arterial Supply to the Cerebral Hemispheres Coronal Plane

30. 138330 Superficial and Deep Arterial Supply to the Cerebral Hemisphere Horizontal Plane

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39. Interrelationships of the pia mater and the perivascular (Virchow-Robin) spaces in the human cerebrum.

41. ARACHNOID VILLI AND GRANULATIONS extensions of the arachnoid mater and subarachnoid space through the wall of dural venous sinuses. the major pathway for the passage of CSF from the subarachnoid space into the blood.

43. DURAL PARTITIONS Falx cerebri Tentorium cerebelli in front there is a gap, the tentorial incisure, for passage of midbrain, trigeminal cave Falx cerebelli Diaphragma sellae important landmark structure in pituitary surgery

44. Circulation and drainage Most of the CSF is secreted by the choroid plexuses in the lateral, third and fourth ventricles. The total CSF volume is 125 ml. The ventricles contain 25 ml and the remaining 100 ml is located in the cranial subarachnoid space. CSF is absorbed into the venous system through arachnoid villi associated with the major dural venous sinuses, predominantly the superior sagittal sinus.

45. Circulation of cerebrospinal fluid CSF drains from lateral ventricle interventricular foramina third ventricle mesencephalic aqueduct fourth ventricle median and two lateral apertures subarachnoid space arachnoid granulations superior sagittal sinus vein

46. positions of the principal subarachnoid cisterns cisterna magna or cerebellomedullary cistern pontine cistern interpeduncular cistern cistern of the lateral fossa cistern of the great cerebral vein (cisterna ambiens or superior cistern) prechiasmatic and postchiasmatic cistern cistern of the lamina terminalis supracallosal cistern