1. Chemical Compounds in Cells Elements – Any substance that can not be broken down into simpler substances. Made up of atoms (building blocks of matter) Compounds – When two or more elements chemically combine. Organic – Made up of carbon. Inorganic – Does not have carbon.

2. H2OH2O Why Water? Water makes up 2/3 of your body. Dissolves chemicals. Chemical reactions can’t take place without it. Help keep cell size and shape. Keeps temperature stable.

3. Organic Compounds: Carbohydrates Organic compounds : “Food” for the cell and help in growth and development of cell structures. 1.) Carbohydrates – energy-rich organic compound made of C, H and O. Ex: Sugars and Starches

4. Proteins 2.) Proteins – Large organic molecule made of H, C, O, N and sometimes S. Ex: Meats, beans, eggs, fish -Proteins are made up of amino acids – 20 common amino acids can combine to make thousands of different proteins. -A protein called an enzyme speeds up chemical reactions in the cells.

5. Lipids (Fats) 3.) Lipids - Energy-rich organic compound made of C, H and O. They store energy for the cell. Ex: fats, oils and waxes

6. Nucleic Acids 4.) Nucleic Acids – Very long organic molecules made of C, O, H, N and P. Contain instructions cells need for life. a.) DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid): genetic material carried from parent to offspring. b.) RNA (Ribonucleic acid): plays a role in the production of proteins.

7. The Cell and It’s Environment Passive Transport Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion Active Transport Active transport Endocytosis Exocytosis

8. The Cell and Its Environment Passive Transport – When the cell does not use its own energy to move molecules across a membrane.

9. Diffusion 1.Diffusion – Method in which small molecules move across a semi- permeable membrane. *Molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached. http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__h ow_diffusion_works.html

10. Cont…… 2.Osmosis – The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sdiJtDRJ QEc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sdiJtDRJ QEc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Rd2bEp380w&fea ture=related http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter 2/animation__how_osmosis_works.html

11. Facilitated Diffusion Transport proteins move larger molecules from an area of high to low concentration. http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/007249585 5/student_view0/chapter 2/animation__how_facilit ated_diffusion_works.htm l

12. Movement Using Energy Active Transport – When the cell does use its own energy to move molecules across a membrane by using Transport Proteins that pick up molecules and pass them in or out. *Can be from low concentration to high. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STzOiRqzzL4& feature=related

13. Moving Large Particles Endocytosis: Cell Membrane changes shape and engulfs particle. Exocytosis: Cell memebrane changes shape to let particle leave the cell. http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=W6rnhiMxt KU http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=W6rnhiMxt KU