2. DNA Extraction from Strawberries Post Lab

3. Protocol: Step by Step What was the purpose of Mashing the Berries? –physically break apart the tissues and cell walls

4. Protocol: Step by Step Why did we filter the strawberries through the Cheesecloth? –Remove seeds cell debris(cell walls, membranes, organelles & proteins. –Filtrate (solution that passes through the cheesecloth) contains organelles, including nuclei and mitochondria which house DNA.

5. Protocol: Step by Step What was the purpose of the Extraction Buffer? –Liquid soap dissolves the phosholipid bilayers of the cell membrane and organelles –Salt keeps the proteins in the extract layer so they aren’t precipitated with the DNA

6. Protocol: Step by Step Why were we careful not to disturb the strawberry/alcohol layer? –DNA is less dense than other material in the cell mixture and will accumulate towards the top of the cell mixture

7. Protocol: Step by Step What was the purpose of the cold Isopropyl alcohol? –Change the environment of the DNA, causing the DNA to precipitate away from other cellular material. –DNA : not soluble in alcohol When molecules are soluble, they are dispersed in the solution and are therefore not visible. When molecules are insoluble, they clump together and become visible. –The colder the alcohol, the less soluble the DNA will be in it. This is why it is important to keep it in the freezer or in an ice bath.

8. Post Lab Questions Question: Think about what the DNA looked like…. Relate its chemical structure to how it looks when lots of it is clumped together.

9. Post Lab Questions-key Question: Think about what the DNA looked like…. Relate its chemical structure to how it looks when lots of it is clumped together. –Answer: The DNA precipitate look like long and thin fibers. This makes sense since the molecular structure is so long and narrow.

10. Post Lab Questions Question: DNA is soluble in water, but not in isopropyl alcohol. What does this fact have to do with our method of extraction? Explain what happened when the isopropyl alcohol came in contact with the strawberry extract.

11. Post Lab Questions-key Question: DNA is soluble in water, but not in isopropyl alcohol. What does this fact have to do with our method of extraction? Explain what happened when the isopropyl alcohol came in contact with the strawberry extract. –Answer: The DNA was soluble in the DNA extraction buffer so we could not see it. When it got stirred into the alcohol, it clumped together and formed thicker and thicker strands large enough to see.

12. Post Lab Questions Question: A person cannot see a single cotton thread 100 feet away, but if you wound thousands of threads together into a rope, it would be visible at some distance. How is this statement an analogy to our DNA extraction?

13. Post Lab Questions-key Question: A person cannot see a single cotton thread 100 feet away, but if you wound thousands of threads together into a rope, it would be visible at some distance. How is this statement an analogy to our DNA extraction? –Answer: DNA is far too narrow to see, but if there are many thousands of strands together, it is thick enough to be visible

14. Post Lab Questions Question: If you wanted to extract DNA from a living person, what cells would you use and why?

15. Post Lab Questions-key Question: If you wanted to extract DNA from a living person, what cells would you use and why? –Answer: Blood is the easiest tissue to obtain from living humans. White blood cells contain a nucleus, while red blood cells do not. –Skin cells would also work if only a small amount of DNA were needed.

16. Post Lab Questions Question: List two reasons why a scientist might want to study the DNA of strawberries.

17. Post Lab Questions-key Question: List two reasons why a scientist might want to study the DNA of strawberries. –Answer: 1.To compare the DNA of a type of strawberry that is more disease or frost resistant than other strawberries 2.To study the evolutionary relatedness of strawberries to other berries. 3.To study a gene that codes for a particular protein in strawberries. For example, strawberries are known to have some chemical in them that slows the growth of some tumors. 4.To clone a particular gene in strawberries. Perhaps they want to make large quantities of the protein that makes strawberries red or produces the desired flavor of strawberries