1. Bloodborne Pathogens

2. Hepatitis Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis D Hepatitis E
Viruses which attacks the liver
Liver performs many functions vital to life
Blood reservoir, blood filter, carbohydrate, fat, protein metabolism, storage of vitamins, iron, etc.

3. Hepatitis A Caused by infection with Hepatitis A virus
Virus is found in the stool of infected persons
HAV is usually spread from person to person by putting something in the mouth (even though it may look clean) that has been contaminated with the stool of a person with hepatitis A
Occurs in epidemics both nationwide and in communities

4. Hepatitis A--Symptoms
Jaundice
Fatigue
Abdominal pain
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Diarrhea
Fever

5. Hepatitis A Prevention
Good personal hygiene and proper sanitation can help prevent hepatitis A
Always wash your hands with soap and water after using the bathroom, changing a diaper, and before preparing and eating food
Vaccine is available

6. Hepatitis B Caused by infection with Hepatitis B virus
Occurs when blood or body fluids from an infected person enters the body of a person who is not immune 
HBV is spread through having sex with an infected person without using a condom (the efficacy of latex condoms in preventing infection with HBV is unknown, but their proper use may reduce transmission), by sharing drugs, needles, or "works" when "shooting" drugs, through needlesticks or sharps exposures on the job, or from an infected mother to her baby during birth
Can cause lifelong infection, cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver, liver cancer, liver failure, and death

7. Hepatitis B Symptoms Jaundice Fatigue Abdominal pain Loss of appetite
Nausea, vomiting 
Joint pain

8. Hepatitis B--Prevention
A safe and effective vaccine is available
Use latex condoms correctly and every time you have sex. The efficacy of latex condoms in preventing infection with HBV is unknown, but their proper use may reduce transmission.
If you are pregnant, get a blood test for hepatitis B; Infants born to HBV-infected mothers should be given HBIG (hepatitis B immune globulin) and vaccine within 12 hours after birth.
Never share drugs, needles, syringes, or "works“
Do not share personal care items that might have blood on them (razors, toothbrushes)

9. Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is a disease of the liver caused by the Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
Occurs when blood or body fluids from an infected person enters the body of a person who is not infected 
HCV is spread through sharing needles or "works" when "shooting" drugs, through needlesticks or sharps exposures on the job, or from an infected mother to her baby during birth
Chronic infection: 55%-85% of infected persons
Chronic liver disease: 70% of chronically infected persons
Deaths from chronic liver disease: 1%-5% of infected persons may die
Leading indication for liver transplant
Most infections are due to illegal injection drug use

10. Hepatitis C--Symptoms
Jaundice
Fatigue
Dark urine
Abdominal pain 
Loss of appetite
Nausea
80% of infected persons have no signs or symptoms

11. Hepatitis C--Prevention
There is no vaccine to prevent hepatitis C
Do not shoot drugs and never share needles, syringes, or "works"
Do not share personal care items that might have blood on them (razors, toothbrushes)

12. Hepatitis D
Hepatitis D is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis D virus (HDV)
It is a defective virus that needs the hepatitis B virus to exist

13. Hepatitis E
Hepatitis E is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV)
It is transmitted in much the same way as hepatitis A virus Hepatitis E, however, does not occur often in the United States

14. Viral Hepatitis - Overview
Type of Hepatitis A B C D E
Source of
feces
blood/
blood/
blood/
feces
virus
blood-derived
blood-derived
blood-derived
body fluids
body fluids
body fluids
Route of
fecal-oral
percutaneous
percutaneous
percutaneous
fecal-oral
transmission
permucosal
permucosal
permucosal
Chronic no
yes
yes
yes no
infection
pre/post-
Prevention
pre/post-
blood donor
pre/post-
ensure safe
exposure
exposure
screening;
exposure
drinking
immunization
immunization
risk behavior
immunization;
water
modification
risk behavior
modification 3

15. HIV Human immunodeficiency virus
HIV can be passed from person to person if someone with HIV infection has sex with or shares drug injection needles with another person
It also can be passed from a mother to her baby when she is pregnant, when she delivers the baby, or if she breast-feeds her baby
Leads to disease AIDS
Destroys the immune system

16. HIV Symptoms You might have HIV and still feel perfectly healthy
The only way to know for sure if you are infected or not is to be tested

17. HIV Prevention
Don’t share needles and syringes used to inject drugs, steroids, vitamins, or for tattooing or body piercing
Don’t share equipment ("works") used to prepare drugs to be injected
The surest way to avoid transmission of sexually transmitted diseases is to abstain from sexual intercourse, or to be in a long term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and you know is uninfected
Use a latex condom to reduce the risk of STD transmission.
Don’t share razors or toothbrushes because of the possibility of contact with blood
If you are pregnant or think you might be soon, talk to a doctor or your local health department about being tested for HIV. Drug treatments are available to help you and reduce the chance of passing HIV to your baby if you have it

18. You Do Not Get Hepatitis B, C, or HIV
By working with or being around someone who has the disease
From sweat, spit, tears, clothes, drinking fountains, phones, toilet seats, or through everyday things like sharing a meal
From insect bites or stings
From donating blood
From a closed-mouth kiss (but there is a very small chance of getting it from open-mouthed or "French" kissing with an infected person because of possible blood contact)