1. Sexually Transmitted Diseases What you need to know

2. Do you really have to worry? No. Not at all… …UNLESS you have ever had oral, anal or vaginal sex Then: The answer is Yes, ABSOLUTELY!

3. Myths vs. Facts Myth: Teens don’t really have to worry about STDs Fact: Teens account for two-thirds of all STD cases. Additionally, 1 of 4 sexually active teens will get an STD before graduation.

4. Myth: You can only get STDs if you have lots of sex partners. Fact: You can get an STD from your first sexual experience.

5. Myth: STDs can be cleared up easily with antibiotics. Fact: Some types of STDs can be. Others are incurable and will be with your for life.

6. Myth: If you have an STD, the symptoms will be obvious. Fact: In many cases, especially early in the disease or between outbreaks, there may be no symptoms at all. Having no symptoms is called being a-systematic

7. Myth: Once the symptoms go away, the STD is cured. Fact: You can still have an STD if the symptoms go away, and you can still pass it on.

8. Myth: You can only have one STD at time. Fact: Because diseases weaken the immune system, it is possible to have more than one at a time.

9. Myth: Once you’ve had an STD, you can’t get it again. Fact: Once you have a virus, you have it always. You can get a bacterial infection over and over and over and over…

10. Myth: A vaccine can prevent the spread of STDs Fact: No vaccine exists for any STD except Hepatitis B and HPV.

11. Myth: Having a pap test is one way a female can find out if she has STDs. Fact: The pap test detects abnormal cervical cells, not the presence of an STD.

12. Let’s Talk Facts  You can get STDs from oral and anal sex, not just vaginal.  You can get an STD from skin-to-skin contact.  The longer you put off having sex, the lower your risk of STDs  If you’re sexually active, you need to get tested every six months (At least)  STDs are preventable

13. What are the Main Diseases?  Bacterial: Chlamydia Syphilis Gonorrhea NGU Vaginosis  Viral: Herpes Human Papilloma Virus Hepatitis B HIV/AIDS

14. Make a chart like this in your notes & leave room for details DiseaseB/VSymptomsTreatment Chlamydia HIV/AIDS Syphilis Herpes Gonorrhea HPV Hepatitis B

15. Syphilis -- Bacterial  Symptoms: Phase 1 -- Chancre Phase 2 -- Rash Phase 3 – Latent (damage inside body)  Dangers: Blindness Brain damage Death  Treatment: Antibiotics  Reported Cases in 2013: 17,375 (10% increase since 2012)

16. Gonorrhea -- Bacterial  Symptoms: Discharge Itching Burning Belly pain Joint pain Often none Reported cases in 2013: 333,004 (.6% decrease since 2012)  Dangers: Pelvic Inflammatory disease Epididymitis Eye infections Sterility  Treatment: Antibiotics –NEW INFO: Drug-resistant gonorrhea a growing concern worldwide

17. Chlamydia -- Bacterial  Symptoms Itching, burning, belly pain, discharge Often NO symptoms  Dangers: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Eye infections Epididymitis Sterility  Treatment: Antibiotics  Reported cases in 2013: 1, 401, 906 (decrease of 1.5%)

18. Herpes – Viral: one out of six people 14 to 49 years of age have genital HSV-2 infection  Symptoms: Tingling in legs, butt or groin Painful blisters Recurrences  Dangers: Can be passed on, even if there is no active outbreak Can be passed through skin- to-skin contact Contracting during pregnancy can kill fetus  Treatment: Symptom relief, antivirals to lessen frequency of outbreaks

19. Hepatitis B  Spread by blood and other body fluids, including semen and vaginal secretions  Symptoms MAY include: Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes and/or a brownish or orange tint to the urine), light colored stool, Unexplained fatigue flu-like symptoms, and abdominal pain Often NO symptoms  Dangers: Liver scarring Liver failure Liver cancer Death  Treatment: Some people recover completely on their own, important to get an immunization after exposure, in severe cases, drug treatment to boost immune function is necessary

20. HPV: so common that nearly all sexually active men and women get it at some point in their lives.  Symptoms: Possible Cauliflower-like warts/Genital warts There are many different strains of the virus and have no visible symptoms  Dangers: Some types are related to cervical, vulva, vagina, penis, or anus and throat cancer. Transmitted skin-to-skin Can be passed when no warts are visible Can be passed on through childbirth  Treatment: It may go away on its own, HPV vaccine, remove visible warts, but not the virus

21. Bacterial Vaginosis BV  an infection caused when too much of certain bacteria change the normal balance of bacteria in the vagina.  Not considered an STD, but it can increase your chances of getting an one. May also affect women who have never had sex.  Symptoms: None. But possible thin white or gray vaginal discharge, odor, pain, itching, or burning in the vagina. Possible strong fish-like odor, especially after sex. May also have burning when urinating; itching around the outside of the vagina, or both.  If not treated: Increase risk of HIV, chlamydia, and gonorrhea which could lead to PID.

22. Trichomoniasis  Most common curable STD and caused by a parasite. 3.7 million people have it but only 30% develop symptoms.  Some people with symptoms get them within 5 to 28 days after being infected, but others do not develop symptoms until much later. Symptoms can come and go. Men may feel itching or irritation inside the penis, burning after urination or ejaculation, or some discharge from the penis. Women may notice itching, burning, redness or soreness of the genitals, discomfort with urination, or a thin discharge with an unusual smell that can be clear, white, yellowish, or greenish. Can make it feel unpleasant to have sex. Without treatment, the infection can last for months or even years.  Treatment: Antibiotics.

23. The Creepy Crawlies  Crabs – pubic lice. Treated with over-the counter or prescription meds  Scabies – tiny little mites that burrow under the skin to lay eggs.

24. Overall impact of STDS  They can cause sterility (inability to ever have children)  They can infect infants at birth, causing deformities, retardation, blindness and other problems.  They can cause incurable, painful sores.  They can increase risk of some cancers  They can be fatal (not just HIV)

25. Reasons Teens are at higher Risk:  Multiple partners, rather than a committed, long-term relationship  Unprotected sex  High-risk partners (with a history of multiple partners or IV drug use)  Underdeveloped immune system  Embarrassment about seeking medical attention for possible infections. Note: It is NOT true that a reason is that teens are having more sex than adults.

26. HIV/AIDS -- Viral  Symptoms: Possible flu-like symptoms about 2 weeks after infection Usually none for 10-12 years  Dangers: Fatal  Treatment: Antiretroviral drugs (Triple cocktail) that attack the virus in different stages of replication process.

27. AIDS – Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome  Originated with primates in Africa (Hunters exposed to blood)  Starts with HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus  Symptoms began to appear in the 1950s.  The first case of AIDS diagnosed in 1981.  People can live with HIV on average 10-12 years before seroconversion.  There are drugs (AIDS Triple Cocktail) that delay the onset of full-blown AIDS.

28. Reported cases of AIDS in the US

29. Reported AIDS cases in WA

30. According to the CDC:  HIV/AIDS has claimed the lives of more than 550,000 Americans. About 1.1 million Americans are living with HIV and 1/5 of those infected are unaware of their infection.  In 2011 the estimate number diagnose with HIV infection in the U.S. was 49, 273.

31. More scary stuff:  It has been estimated that at least half of all new HIV infections in the United States are among people under 25, and the majority of young people are infected sexually.

32. Numbers are going up in heterosexual females

33. The A BCDs of HIV  A = AIDS: A life-threatening disease, but a hard one to catch. You must be exposed to infected body fluids. (It is 100x easier, for example, to catch Hepatitis B.  Quiz question: HIV can be transmitted through what four body fluids?  Answer: Blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk (Not all body fluids transmit. Urine, sweat and saliva do not.)

34. The A B CDs of HIV  B = Behaviors that put a person at risk.  Quiz Question: What are the two main behaviors that put people at risk?  Answer: Unprotected sex & IV drug use (Remember ANY drug use impairs judgment.)

35. The AB c Ds of HIV  C = Choices. It’s up to you.  Quiz Question: What three choices could you make to protect yourself from HIV?  Answer: Choose abstinence Use a condom if you decide to be sexually active Don’t use drugs

36. The ABC D s of HIV  D = Don’t worry about: Casual contact Sharing food Swimming pools Public places Hugging Shaking Hands Being near someone with HIV An insect bite Contact with a toilet seat Kissing Giving blood  D = Do worry about: Unprotected sex of any type (oral, anal, vaginal) Drug and alcohol use IV drugs Cleaning blood Blood brother/sister rituals Tattooing/piercing with unsterilized equipment Sharing razors

37. Reminders  Sharing needles or having unprotected sex increases the chances of getting OTHER STDs, which can increase your chances of getting HIV.  Being under the influence of any drug can impair judgment and increase risky behavior.

38.  HIV carriers may show no signs of being sick with AIDS for years. It can take 6 months for someone to test positive, but they can still spread the disease.  Abstinence is 100% safe. Proper use of latex condoms significantly reduces, but does not eliminate, the chance of HIV infection.

39.  Pregnant women can pass HIV to their children during pregnancy, delivery or breast-feeding.

40. Remember:  The two ways to diagnose full-blown AIDS are: A T-cell count of below 200 Opportunistic infections (diseases that we are exposed to regularly that don’t hurt us, but could be life-threatening to someone with a compromised immune system.

41. Test Review:  Quiz Questions  Know body parts and functions  Know 9 tasks of adolescence  Know basics of birth control  Know STDs