1. A Source of Depth and Range in Poetry Alexis Gruber, Tim Kunst, Daniel Zizovic

2. Definition: Describes organized patterns of comparison that deepen, broaden, extend, illuminate, and emphasize meaning Types: Metaphors Similes

3. A “showing of likeness or resemblance” Shows that something unknown is similar to something known Use like, as if, as though Ex: your words are like music to me, you are like sunshine in my life, I feel like a squirrel in a cage

4. A “carrying out or change” Equates known objects with something that is unknown or too be expanded upon Ex: your words are music to my ears, you are the sunshine of my life, my life is a squirrel cage Ex: “All the world’s a stage”, “And all the men and women merely players” –Shakespeare

5. Definition: use of complex systems of metaphors Creates: Imagery

6. Stimulate the imagination and recall of memories (images) of sights, sounds, tastes, smells, sensations of touch and motion Ex: Common language: She was happy Poetic Language: She jumped for joy

7. To describe the relationship between a writer’s ideas and the metaphors and similes chosen to objectify them Vehicle: specific words of the metaphor simile Tenor: the totality of ideas and attitudes not only of lit. speaker but also of the author

8. Paradox Anaphora Apostrophe Personification Synecdote Pun/ Paronomasia Synesthesia Over/under statements

9. “A thought beyond a thought” Something apparently wrong or contradictory is shown to be truthful and non-contradictory Reveals truth Ex: “I, a child, very old”

10. “to carry again or repeat” Repetition of the same word or phrase throughout a work or a section of work Provides weight and emphasis Ex: What the hammer? what the chain? In what furnace was thy brain? What the anvil? what dread gasp Dare its deadly terrors clasp? (Blake’s “The Tiger”)

11. a “turning away” A speaker addresses a real/ imagined listener who is not present Creates drama Ex: a public speech with readers as audience

12. Attraction to human traits to abstractions or to non- human objects Creates drama Explores relationships to environment, ideals and inner lives Ex: the cow jumped over the moon

13. Synecdote: “talking one thing out of another” a part stands for the whole or a whole for a part Ex: all hands on deck a “transfer of name” substitutes one thing for another Ex: Hollywood, the White House Metonymy: Transfers meanings by parts and associations

14. Pun A “pt or puncture” “something alongside a name” Paronomasia Word play Shows that words with similar or identical sounds have different meanings

15. The “bringing together of feelings” Describing feelings or perceptions with word that usually refer to different/ opposite feelings or perceptions Ex: beading bubbles were “winking at the brim” of a wine glass Demonstrate the oneness or unity of feelings

16. Overstatements Exaggeration used for effect Types: Hyperbole Overreacher Deliberate underplaying or undervaluing of a thing Ex: the grave’s a fine and private place, but none, I think, do there embrace. (Marvell’s “ To His Coy Mistress”) Understatements