1. Section 2 Moving to the City

2. How did industrialization of America change work on the farms?  Farm machinery  Clothing

3. African Americans’ voyage… 1 st - Lived in the rural South in poverty 2 nd -Moved to Southern cities to search for jobs 3 rd -Moved to the Northern cities which offered more industrial jobs and hoping to find less discrimination

4. Big Cities…..  Kansas City – Cattle  Pittsburgh – iron/steel  New York/San Francisco seaports & immigrants

5. tenements A building in which several families rented rooms. Later they became apartment buildings in the slums, poor, run-down urban neighborhoods. Few had hot water, 3-4 people in every room.

6. Jacob Riis Wrote… How the Other Half Lives  Est. housing codes  Playgrounds  Parks

7. Middle Class  Doctors  Lawyers  Ministers  Managers Many moved from the cities to the suburbs – residential areas outside a city Houses with hot water, indoor toilets & electricity by 1900. Servants and leisure time.

8. The Gilded Age – late 1800s The extravagant wealth of the time and the terrible poverty that lay underneath. Associated with a thin layer of gold

9. The Wealthy  Enormous mansions in the city  Estates in the country  Extreme luxury  Enormous parties & dinners Some meals costing $1.3 million today

10. William K. and Alva Vanderbilt – Cornelius’s son

11. Crisis in the city Overcrowded cities created sanitation & health problems Garbage & horse manure accumulated in the street Sewers could not handle the flow of human waste Filth created a breeding ground for diseases

12. Chicago Fire of 1871 4 square miles burned down

13. Health & Crime Problems  1900 babies died of whopping cough, diphtheria, or measles before their 1 st birthday in Chicago  Tuberculosis in New York  Lead to the establishment of health clinic  Poverty lead to crime such as picking pockets and other minor crimes to survive by orphaned and homeless children

14. Seeking Solutions YMCA – Young Men’s Christian Assoc. YWCA - Young Women’s (recreational places to play & meet) Religious Groups aided the poor

15. settlement houses  Located in poor neighborhoods in U.S. and Britain  Provided health care  Playgrounds  Nurseries  Libraries  Taught English, music, arts, crafts

16. Hull House – Chicago Jane Addams (1889)

17. Elisha Otis 1 st safety elevator - 1852 Elevator etiquette

18. William LeBaron Jenney Built the world’s 1 st skyscraper – 10 stories in Chicago 1884 Louis Sullivan architect

19. Woolworth Building New York: 1913 55 stories (792 feet) People called it… Cathedral of Commerce

20. Tallest Building in the World Burj Khalifa in the Middle East 2,717 feet tall

21. Sears Tower Chicago, IL (tallest building in the U.S.) 1979 1700 feet tall

22. Central Park – New York City Designed by Frederick Olmsted 770 acres

23. First Subway – Boston 1897

24. What were streets made of???  Sand and gravel  Wood blocks  Brick  Cobblestone  Asphalt – by product of petroleum in 1890s

25. Eads Bridge in St. Louis Crosses the Mississippi River

26. Brooklyn Bridge New York City