1. Peninsular Polities 600-1300 CE

2. I. Water II. Land III. Temples & monasteries in social networks IV. Literary vernaculars V.What brings the literary vernaculars to life? VI. Tevaram and the local work of culture VII. The problem of anachronism

5. I. Water Deccan Peninsula Godavari, Krishna & Kaveri rivers Rivers & sea ports on Bay of Bengal

6. II. Land Growing maritime trade Increasing agricultural land base Land grant strategies

9. III. Temples & Monasteries in Social Networks Agricultural development Revenue extraction Local intermediaries Sites for bureaucracy Caste & occupation associations Flows of expertise within religious & court networks

10. IV. Literary Vernaculars Cosmopolitan language 900-1300 literary vernaculars Tamildevotional verse Teleguinscriptions Kannadaroyal praise poems Malayalam Gujarati Bangla

11. V. What Brings the Literary Vernaculars to Life?

12. 1000-1300 New political formations Non-brahman/brahmin elites New forms of devotional expression

13. VI. Tevaram and the Local Work of Culture 6-10th c. Tamil composition 12th c. authorized for temple liturgy Local sites (ex. Tiravarur in Tanjavur district) Local devotional community Non-brahman/brahmin social space Devotion w/o brahman/brahmin

16. VII. The Problem of Anachronism Beyond contemporary borders of state/ethnicity/language Multilingual literary communities