1. Contalbrigo Marco INFN Ferrara ECT* Workshop - Lattice QCD and Hadron Physics 15 th January 2014, Trento

2. 2 Contalbrigo M. Longitudinal momentum k + =xP + Transverse plane kTkT bTbT Transverse momentum Transverse position l l Photon Virtuality Q 2 d2kTd2kT d2bTd2bT d2kTd2kT d2bTd2bT Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

3. TMDs: d2kTd2kT  =0,t=0 d2kTd2kT Exclusive Measurements 1+2D spatial distribution Semi-inclusive measurements 3D momentum distribution (FT) GPDs: 3 Contalbrigo M. PDFs “Mother” Wigner distributions d2bTd2bT Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

4. d2kTd2kT  =0,t=0 d2kTd2kT (FT) p T < 2 GeV/c √s = 20 GeV xFxF ANAN May solve proton spin puzzle May explain SSA & Lam-Tung 4 Contalbrigo M. PDFs “Mother” Wigner distributions d2bTd2bT TMDs: Exclusive Measurements 1+2D spatial distribution Semi-inclusive measurements 3D momentum distribution GPDs: Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

5. 5 Contalbrigo M. EIC Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

6. Limit defined by luminosity 10 32 10 31 10 35 Different Q 2 for same x range EIC 10 34 Valence Complementary experiments Sea 6 Contalbrigo M. 12 Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

8. CHL-2 Upgrade magnets and power supplies Enhance equipment in existing halls add Hall D (and beam line) 8 Contalbrigo M. Beam Energy 12 GeV Beam current 90  A Beam polarization 85 % Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT* First beam expected in Hall-A in spring 2014

9. 9 Contalbrigo M. Super High Momentum Spectrometer (SHMS) unpolarized SIDIS, hadron ID Hall-C Spectrometer pair, polarized 3 He target up to to 10 38 cm -2 s -1, hadron ID Hall-A Hall-B CLAS12 HD-ice (H,D) polarized targets up to 10 35 cm -2 s -1, “complete” acceptance, hadron ID SOLID 3 He, NH 3 polarized targets up to 10 36 cm -2 s -1, large acceptance, pion ID Hall-A Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

10. 10 Contalbrigo M. Super High Momentum Spectrometer (SHMS) unpolarized SIDIS, hadron ID Hall-C Spectrometer pair, polarized 3 He target up to to 10 38 cm -2 s -1, hadron ID Hall-A Hall-B CLAS12 HD-ice (H,D) polarized targets up to 10 35 cm -2 s -1, “complete” acceptance, hadron ID SOLID 3 He, NH 3 polarized targets up to 10 36 cm -2 s -1, large acceptance, pion ID Hall-A Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT* SIDIS cross-section factorization tests

11. 11 Contalbrigo M. Super High Momentum Spectrometer (SHMS) unpolarized SIDIS, hadron ID Hall-C Spectrometer pair, polarized 3 He target up to to 10 38 cm -2 s -1, hadron ID Hall-A Hall-B CLAS12 HD-ice (H,D) polarized targets up to 10 35 cm -2 s -1, “complete” acceptance, hadron ID SOLID 3 He, NH 3 polarized targets up to 10 36 cm -2 s -1, large acceptance, pion ID Hall-A Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT* SIDIS cross-section factorization tests Luminosity frontier World leading 3 He target

12. 12 Contalbrigo M. Super High Momentum Spectrometer (SHMS) unpolarized SIDIS, hadron ID Hall-C Spectrometer pair, polarized 3 He target up to to 10 38 cm -2 s -1, hadron ID Hall-A Hall-B CLAS12 HD-ice (H,D) polarized targets up to 10 35 cm -2 s -1, “complete” acceptance, hadron ID SOLID 3 He, NH 3 polarized targets up to 10 36 cm -2 s -1, large acceptance, pion ID Hall-A Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT* SIDIS cross-section factorization tests Luminosity frontier World leading 3 He target TMDs and GPDs comprehensive study, with special care on applicability

13. 13 Contalbrigo M. Super High Momentum Spectrometer (SHMS) unpolarized SIDIS, hadron ID Hall-C Spectrometer pair, polarized 3 He target up to to 10 38 cm -2 s -1, hadron ID Hall-A Hall-B CLAS12 HD-ice (H,D) polarized targets up to 10 35 cm -2 s -1, “complete” acceptance, hadron ID SOLID 3 He, NH 3 polarized targets up to 10 36 cm -2 s -1, large acceptance, pion ID Hall-A Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT* SIDIS cross-section factorization tests Luminosity frontier World leading 3 He target TMDs and GPDs comprehensive study, with special care on applicability Ultimate statistical precision in the valence region

15. 15 Contalbrigo M. SIDIS cross section (transversely pol. target): Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

16. 16 Contalbrigo M. DFDF FF SIDIS cross section (transversely pol. target): Involved phenomenology due to the convolution over transverse momentum TMD factorization for P T <<Q Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

17. N/q ULT U L T quark polarisatio n nucleon polarisation Interference between wave functions with different angular momenta: contains information about parton orbital angular motion and spin-orbit effects Testing QCD at the amplitude level Off-diagonal elements: Sivers Survives transverse momentum integration (missing leading-twist collinear piece) Differs from helicity due to relativistic effects and no mix with gluons in the spin-1/2 nucleon Transversity: Worm-gear 17 Contalbrigo M. Transversity Boer-Mulders Worm-gear Pretzelosity Number Density Helicity Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

18. N/q ULT U L T quark polarisatio n nucleon polarisation Interference between wave functions with different angular momenta: contains information about parton orbital angular motion and spin-orbit effects Testing QCD at the amplitude level Off-diagonal elements: Sivers Survives transverse momentum integration (missing leading-twist collinear piece) Differs from helicity due to relativistic effects and no mix with gluons in the spin-1/2 nucleon Transversity: Worm-gear 18 Contalbrigo M. Transversity N/q ULT U L T quark polarisatio n nucleon polarisation Unpolarized Collins Boer-Mulders Worm-gear Pretzelosity Number Density Helicity Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT* DFDF FF

19. N/q ULT U L T nucleon polarisation Number Sivers Density Worm-gear Transversity Pretzelosity Helicity Boer-Mulders

20. 20 Contalbrigo M. ATLAS: arXiv:1206.4051 Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

21. 21 Contalbrigo M. SIDIS extraction: ATLAS: arXiv:1206.4051 [Jackson, DIS 2013] Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT* [Makke, DIS 2013]

22. 22 Contalbrigo M. SIDIS extraction: E12-07-104 Hall-B [Jackson, DIS 2013] x Liu++ [arXiv:1206.4339] Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

23. Disentanglement of z and : access to the transverse intrinsic quark k T and fragmentation p T, i.e. from gaussian anstaz: 23 Contalbrigo M. T PhPh T PhPh 2 T PhPh HERMES [arXiv: 1212.5407] COMPASS [arXiv: 1305.7317] Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

24. 24 Contalbrigo M. T PhPh T PhPh 2 Hall-C [arXiv: 0709.3020] Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT* 0 0.5 1.0 Matevosyan++ [arXiv:1111.1740] Schweitzer++ [arXiv:1210.1267] Disentanglement of z and : access to the transverse intrinsic quark k T and fragmentation p T, i.e. from gaussian anstaz:

25. N/q ULT U L T nucleon polarisation Number Sivers Boer-Mulders Density Worm-gear Transversity Pretzelosity Helicity

26. 26 Contalbrigo M. Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

27. 27 Contalbrigo M. Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT* CLAS [arXiv:1003.4549]

28. DSSV [arXiv:0804.0422] 28 Contalbrigo M. Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

29. DSSV++ [arXiv:1304.0079] 29 Contalbrigo M. Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

30. DSSV++ [arXiv:1304.0079] 30 Contalbrigo M. Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

31. DSSV++ [arXiv:1304.0079] 31 Contalbrigo M. Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT* SIDIS DATA 1 st moment constrained by 3F-D NNPDF [arXiv:1303.7236]

32. 32 Contalbrigo M. E12-07-104 Hall-B Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

33. 33 Contalbrigo M. HERMES: arXiv:0609039 Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT* With connected diagrams

34. 34 Contalbrigo M. With (dis)connected diagrams Bali ++,: arXiv:1112.3354 HERMES: arXiv:0609039 Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT* Liu ++, arXiv:1203.6388  s (DI) = -0.12(1) L q mainly from sea and up to 50 % of the proton spin

35. N/q ULT U L T nucleon polarisation Number Helicity Sivers Boer-Mulders Density Worm-gear Transversity Pretzelosity + - -+ Chirally-odd First evidence: 2005

36. HERMES [hep-ex/0408013] 36 Contalbrigo M. Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT* Hall A [arXiv:1106.0363] Neutron Proton FIRST SIGNALS

37. HERMES [hep-ex/0408013] 37 Contalbrigo M. Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT* Hall A [arXiv:1106.0363] BABAR [hep-ex/0408013] Neutron Proton BELLE [hep-ex/08052975] FIRST SIGNALS

38. 1 st extraction of Transversity! 38 Contalbrigo M. xh 1 (x) d u Existing data limited to x < 0.3 FF evol.. from high energy colliders Anselmino++ [arXiv:1303.3822] Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

39. 1 st extraction of Transversity! 39 Contalbrigo M. Collinear extraction ! xh 1 (x) d u Existing data limited to x < 0.3 FF evol.. from high energy colliders x x Anselmino++ [arXiv:1303.3822] Bacchetta++ [arXiv:1212.3568] Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

40. 40 Contalbrigo M. Large x important to constrain the tensor charge E12-12-109 Hall-B Di-hadron channel for h 1 Test of TMDs extraction Proton C12-11-111 Hall-B Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

41. 41 Contalbrigo M. xh 1 (x) d u helicity Distributions: [arXiv:0812.4366] [arXiv:1303.3822] Charges:  u = 0.819  d = -0.313 [arXiv:1310.6339] Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT* Single hadron Lattice (typical) Di-hadron

42. Looking for a practical way how to calculate light-cone distributions: PDFs, TMDs, GPDs, HTs, LCWFs, LCDAs, etc… Ji X. [arXiv:1305.1539] 42 Contalbrigo M. Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

44. N/q ULT U L T nucleon polarisation Number Helicity Sivers Boer-Mulders Density Worm-gear Transversity Pretzelosity Naïve-T-odd Non-trivial gauge link Process dependence Naïve-T-odd Non-trivial gauge link Process dependence + - ++

45. 45 Contalbrigo M. HERMES [arXiv: 0906.3918] COMPASS [arXiv: 1205.5122] Clear not-zero signals Hall A [arXiv:1106.0363] Neutron Proton: hint of TMD evolution ? Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

46. 46 Contalbrigo M. HDice C12-11-111 Hall-B Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

47. 47 Contalbrigo M. )X 40 days E12-11-007 Hall-A 3 He HDice C12-11-111 Hall-B Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT* K+ amplitudes larger than π+: K+-K+- HERMES [arXiv:0906.3918]

48. 48 Contalbrigo M. SOLID (projected) NH 3 & 3 He )X 40 days E12-11-007 Hall-A 3 He HDice E12-10-006 Hall-A E12-11-108 C12-11-111 Hall-B Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT* K+ amplitudes larger than π+: K+-K+- HERMES [arXiv:0906.3918]

49. 49 Contalbrigo M. Statistical errors 4D analysis on  + Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

51. Encompass parton distributions and form factors Longitudinal momentum and transverse spatial position correlated information Access OAM L q = J q -½  via Ji sum rule 51 Contalbrigo M. N/qULT U L T quark polarisation nucleon polarisation Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

52. e p → e p PRC 68, 034325 (2003 ) xFxF 52 Contalbrigo M. Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

53. e p → e p PRC 68, 034325 (2003 ) xFxF 53 Contalbrigo M. Diehl et al. arXiv: 1302.4604 Bacchetta et al. arXiv: 1107.5755 Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

54. 54 Contalbrigo M. Ratio of recoil polarizations E12-11-009 Hall-C Asymmetry in quasi-elastic scattering E12-09-016 Hall-A E12-07-109 Hall-A Related to GPDs at high |t|  structure of the nucleon at small transverse distances Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

55. 55 Contalbrigo M. Informations on the real and imaginary part of the QCD scattering amplitude Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

56. 56 Contalbrigo M. HERMES [arXiv:0106068] CLAS [arXiv:0107043] FIRST SIGNALS Informations on the real and imaginary part of the QCD scattering amplitude Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

57. 57 Contalbrigo M. H, E DVCS asymmetry on a longitudinal neutron (deuteron) to access GPD E HALL-A [arXiv:0709.0450] Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

58. 58 Contalbrigo M. H, E DVCS asymmetry on a longitudinal neutron (deuteron) to access GPD E HALL-A [arXiv:0709.0450] Bacchetta++ [arXiv:1206.2565] Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

59. 59 Contalbrigo M. E12-06-114 Hall-A Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

60. 60 Contalbrigo M. 120 days beam time A UL Q2Q2 Q2Q2 x x A LU -t 85 days beam time C12-06-119 Hall-B Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

61. 61 Contalbrigo M. From t slope of  average impact parameter E12-12-107 Hall-B Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

62. 62 Contalbrigo M. Complete mapping (3D) of the nucleon in the valence region High potential of the complementary programs of 3 experimental halls Start of Accelerator commissioning expected in November and running beam to Hall-A in spring 2014 Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

63. 63 Contalbrigo M. With disconnected diagrams L q mainly from sea and up to 50 % of the proton spin Liu ++, arXiv:1203.6388 Bali ++,: arXiv:1112.3354 Bratt ++, arXiv:1001.3620 HERMES: arXiv:0609039 Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

64. In our exploration of the QCD micro-world Fundamental: do not neglect spin !! 64 Contalbrigo M. Two questions in Hadronic Physics await explanation since too long p T < 2 GeV/c √s = 20 GeV xFxF ANAN Proton Spin Budget Single Spin Asymmetries ? Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

65. 65 Contalbrigo M. COMPASS combined 2007 – 2010 results HERMES [arXiv:1006.4221] [Martin at DIS13] Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

66. 66 Contalbrigo M. With disconnected diagrams Bali ++,: arXiv:1112.3354 HERMES: arXiv:0609039 Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT* Liu ++, arXiv:1203.6388  s (DI) = -0.12(1) L q mainly from sea and up to 50 % of the proton spin

67. 67 Contalbrigo M. Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*

68. 68 Contalbrigo M. COMPASS [arXiv:1007.4061] HERMES [arXiv:0803.2993] -- LSS HERMES [hep-ex/0407032] Flavor Structure of the Nucleon Sea, 1 st July 2013, ECT* -- DSSV -- GRSV -- BB

69. 69 Contalbrigo M. HERMES [arXiv:1006.4221] Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT* COMPASS [arXiv: 1205.5123] Hall A [arXiv:1106.0363] Neutron Proton: consistent signals despite the different Q2 Weak TMD evolution ?

70. 70 Contalbrigo M. A. Airapetian et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 (2005) 012002 Non-zero transversity !! Non-zero Collins function !! SIDIS: ep e’hX Non-zero Sivers function !! 2005: First evidence from HERMES measuring SIDIS on proton Flavor Structure of the Nucleon Sea, 1 st July 2013, ECT*

71. Encompass parton distributions and form factors Longitudinal momentum and transverse spatial position correlated information Access OAM L q = J q -½  via Ji sum rule 71 Contalbrigo M. N/qULT U L T quark polarisation nucleon polarisation Lattice and Hadrons, 15 th January 2014, ECT*