1. Introductory Genetics Chien-Ming Li MD, PhD

2. The male reproductive system Sex chromosome: XY, the 23rd pair SNY gene Penis Scrotum – Epididymis – Testis: sperm, without mitochondria Meiosis: N

3. The female reproductive system Sex chromosome: XX, the 23 rd pair Uterus Fallopian tube Ovary Vagina Cervix Labia Egg: meiosis, N, with mitochondria

4. Gregor Mendel: pea R gene: dominant Red flower: RR or Rr White flower: rr RR x rr  Rr Rr x Rr  RR: Rr: rr, 1:2:1

5. Central dogma DNA (in nucleus)  RNA  protein  function DNA – Adenine (A) – Thymine (T) – Guanine (G) – Cytosine (C) DNA: double helix, A-T, G-C