1.  Am,is,are,was,were,be,being,been  Look, feel, seem, remain, become, sound  Example: What is being linked back to the subject? The zombie apocalypse seems frightening. That character sounds creepy. That man could be a zombie.

2.  Visible or mental action!  Think, throw, scare, listen, draw…etc.  Example: what is the action transferred to? The zombie tore the fence in two pieces. She scaled the fence to avoid a bite.

3.  Complement: words that completes the meaning of the predicate (part of sentence after the verb)  Complements (DO,IO,PN,PA) are NEVER found in prepositional phrases, so always mark them out.

4. Direct object: A noun or pronoun that follows an action verb and receives the action of the verb Order in sentence: Subject, Action Verb, Direct Object  How to find a DO? Ask the question “Whom?” or “What?” after an action verb.  Ex: The stick person kicked the rock.

5. *Think of the DO as receiving the action of the verb: Dad trimmed the branches (on the tree). *Remember, the DO is usually a thing, but sometimes a person, so always place parentheses around any prep phrases.

6.  Indirect object: A noun or pronoun that comes before the direct object.  Sentence order: subject, action verb, indirect object, direct object  Ask to whom? or for whom? (or to what or for what) the action of the verb is done.  *The I0 always” receives” the DO

7.  DO: I gave the class new assigned seats. I gave what? seats. (DO) To whom? the class (IO) Therefore, class is the indirect object and “class” receives the “seats” (DO)

8.  Common verbs that IOs follow:  Give  Ask  Throw  Make  Teach  Tell Your turn: Create a sentence with a DO and IO using these verbs. Create a sentence with another verb only using a DO.

9.  1. I asked Drew a question about Trey.  2. Tylar seems very thoughtful and wise.  3. Noah looked at me with an inquisitive face.  4. Griffin gave hersome Starbucks coffee.  5. Dylan received some candy from Ben.  6. Natalie ran from five miles away.

10.  Predicate nominative: A noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and renames or identifies the subject.  Ex.: The Thompson mascot is a warrior  warrior is a noun that identifies what the simple subject, mascot, is;  therefore, it is a predicate nominative because is is a linking verb.

11.  You can usually switch the PN with the subject and the sentence will make sense:  Ex: A warrior is the mascot. From (The mascot is a warrior) *Sometimes the switch will sound odd: He is the boy who scored the highest on the test/ The boy is he who scored the highest on the test.

12.  Predicate adjective: An adjective that follows a linking verb and describes the subject of the sentence  Ex.: The Sonic cheddar peppers tasted delicious. * Delicious is an adjective, follows the linking verb tasted, and describes the SUBJ, peppers Note: you can’t switch these with the SUBJ

13.  My husband’s name is Andrew  He is an engineer.  He is always energetic in the morning.  In the mornings I am usually sleepy.

14.  I, he, she, we, they, who, you, it: nominative If these pronouns rename the subject and come after a linking verb, they are PNs.  Me, him, her, us, them, whom, you, it: Objective and do not rename or describe subject.