1. Chapter 10
The Union in Peril

2. Differences of the North and South

3. Population
North had 21.5 million South had 9 million – 4 million being slaves 9/10 of the largest cities located in the North

4. Railroads North had 70% of RR track North had 21.7 thousand miles
South had 9 thousand

5. Industry North had 110,000 factories South had 20,600 factories
North manufactured more products
South manufactured few products
North wanted high tariffs on imports
South opposed high tariffs
North had more immigrants to work in factories
South had slaves to work on plantations

7. Government North wanted a strong central gov’t
South wanted more states rights

8. Election on 1848 Main issue was slavery Zachary Taylor – Whig
Lewis Cass – Democrat (pro-slavery)
Martin Van Buren – Free Soilers (anti-slavery)
Taylor won

9. Countdown to Secession

10. Missouri Compromise 1819
Passed to maintain the balance between slave and free states
Missouri – slave state
Maine – free state
36/30 line was created
Above – free
Below - slave

11. MISSOURI COMPROMISE OF 1820

12. Compromise of 1850 California admitted as free state
Unorganized territory of West admitted as free territory
Territories of New Mexico and Utah opened to popular sovereignty

14. Fugitive Slave Law Part of Compromise of 1850
Stated that Northerners must return escaped slaves
Very unpopular in North
Used the Doctrine of Nullification

16. ABOLITION MOVEMENT HARRIET TUBMAN FREDERICK DOUGLASS
HARRIET BEECHER STOWE
SOJOURNER TRUTH
WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON

17. HARRIET TUBMAN 1820-1913 HERO OF ABOLITION MOVEMENT
SLAVE WHO ESCAPED TO THE NORTH
UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
NETWORK OF PEOPLE WHO HELPED SLAVES ESCAPE TO THE NORTH OR CANADA

18. MOSES OF HER PEOPLE

19. FREDERICK DOUGLAS SLAVE ESCAPED TO MARYLAND SELF-EDUCATED
MOST PROMINENT BLACK SPEAKER FOR THE ABOLITION OF SLAVERY
Published the North Star – antislavery newspaper

20. Harriet BEECHER STOWE WROTE UNCLE TOM’S CABIN 1852
FICTIONAL ACCOUNT OF THE HORRIBLE TREATMENT OF SLAVES
BOOK SAID TO SPARK CIVIL WAR
"the little lady who made this big war" LINCOLN (1862)

21. SOJOURNER TRUTH SLAVE FREE AFTER N.Y. EMANICIPATED SLAVES IN 1828
ILLITERATE, YET ELOQUENT SPEAKER
ABOLITIONIST
BELIEF:
EQUALITY FOR ALL PEOPLE (COLOR & GENDER)

22. William Lloyd Garrison
Abolitionist
Published the Liberator – antislavery newspaper

23. Kansas-Nebraska Act Signed by President Pierce
Allowed territories to decide on slavery by popular sovereignty
Repealed the Missouri Compromise
Kansas became known as “Bleeding Kansas”
Clashes between pro and anti slavery forces
Two governments were developed in Kansas

25. Formation of the Republican Party
Democrats, Whigs, Free Soilers
Opposed the extension of slavery

26. Sumner-Brooks Affair 1856 Sumner gave speech to Congress
“Crime Against Kansas”
Criticized Senator Andrew Butler of South Carolina
Butler’s nephew – Preston Brooks attack Sumner
Setback for democracy in our nation

27. Dred Scott Decision - 1857 Dred Scott – slave from Missouri
Sued his owner for freedom
Lived in Wisconsin Territory for 4 years – free territory

28. Ruling of Dred Scott Case
1. No slave or descendant of a slave was a citizen according to Constitution
2. Since not a citizen, he had no right to bring case to a federal court
3. Slaves were considered property – government had to protect property
4. 5th Amendment could not deprive anyone of property without due process of law

29. Lincoln – Douglas Debates 1858
Lincoln – Republican
Douglas – Democrat
Senate seat in Illinois
Platform – slavery
Douglas – Freeport Doctrine
Lincoln – stop spread of slavery

30. John Brown Raid
Wanted to seize arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia
Brown captured
Found guilty of treason and hanged
Northerners saw him as a martyr
Southerners saw northern sympathy as a threat

31. Separation of Democratic Party - 1860
Split over slavery
Northern Democrats supported popular sovereignty in new territories
Southern Democrats wanted federal protection of slavery

32. Election of 1860 Republican – Abraham Lincoln
Northern Dem. – Stephen Douglas
Southern Dem. – John Breckinridge
South Carolina threatened to secede if Lincoln won
Lincoln won
Division in Democrats hurt their chance

34. South Carolina
Dec. 20, 1860 seceded from the Union

35. Feb. 1, 1861 Six southern states seceded Alabama Mississippi Georgia
Florida
Louisiana
Texas

36. CSA Met Feb. 4-18,1861 Drafted constitution
Jefferson Davis – President
Montgomery - capital

38. Crittenden Compromise
John Crittenden – Kentucky
Restore Missouri Compromise
Amend Constitution to guarantee the right to own slaves

39. President Buchanan’s last message
Blamed abolitionists for war
Chose course of inaction until Lincoln took office

40. 4 Reason for inaction Violence toward South would lead to a war
Other compromises needed time
Republicans could resolve the situation if wished
Had inadequate military forces to defend federal property