1. EUPHORBIACEA E

2. Current Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Tree for Flowering Plants 2008 magnoliids monocots eurosids I rosids core eudicots eudicots

3. Chamaesyce - local euphorb

4. EUPHORBIACEAE, Malpighiales Cymothoë likes Malpighiales, its allies are all Rosid specialists and mostly eurosids I specialists.

5. Achariaceae CARYOCARACEAE – prominent trees in the tropics Ctenolophonaceae EUPHORBIACEAE – GENTRY FAMILY Goupiaceae Humiriaceae Irvingiaceae Ixonanthaceae Lacistemataceae LINACEAE – flax family Lophopixidaceae Pandaceae PHYLLANTHACEAE – formerly part of Euphorbiaceae Picrodendraceae Putranjivaceae RAFFLESIACEAE- parasites including largest flower SALICACEAE – GENTRY FAMILY VIOLACEAE-violets and tropical treelets

8. Key Characters for the Euphorbiaceae Alternate simple leaves Petioles long and variable in length Latex Imperfect Flowers, monoecious plants Three-lobed schizocarps

9. EUPHORBIACEAE - understory and canopy trees

10. Croton - a classic euphorb: -strong basal veins -milky latex -glands at blade base -imperfect flowers, reduced perianth -three-carpellate schizocarp

11. Rothschildia is a Croton specialist.

12. Acalypha - Acalypha diversifolia

13. Hevea - the rubber tree

14. Jatropha - physicnut

15. Jatropha - fruits

16. Ricinus - the castorbean

17. The fabled manchineel, Hippomane mancinella A diterpene ester from the manchiineel

18. Manihot - cassava (tapioca)

19. Aleurites --- showing long petioles of different lengths

20. Hura crepitans

21. Delachampia -

22. Euphorbia - the spurges