1. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Re-engineering SDI Design to Support Spatially Enabled Society Abbas Rajabifard Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne INSPIRE Conference Maribor, Slovenija 23 June 2008

2. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics OBJECTIVE OF PRESENTATION Introduce a new Vision “Spatially Enabled Society”-A Scenario for the Future (explain SDI design, issues and trends to support this vision).

3. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Spatial Enablement – Experiences & Activities Convergence theme GSDI 11 Conference 2009, NL Centre for SDIs and LA Centre for SDIs and LA Victorian State Asia-PacificPCGIAPAsia-PacificPCGIAP GSDI Association GSDI Association Victorian Spatial Council Victorian Spatial Strategy 2008-2010 UN Resolution 2006 SEG Working Group

4. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Spatial information is an enabling technology/infrastructure for modern society. SI describes the location of objects in the real world and the relationships between objects.

5. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Services and Delivery Tools Spatial Information can be a unifying medium – linking solutions to location. User demand has shift ed to seeking improved services and delivery tools. This will be achieved by creating an environment so that we can: DeliverDeliver people, places, services, businesses and points of interest systems, services, businesses, partnerships and link with other industries quality services, standards, frameworks and what users want. ConnectConnect LocateLocate

6. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Ready and timely access to spatial information – knowing where people and assets are – is essential for the creation of wealth in any jurisdiction. It is a critical tool for making informed decisions on key economic, environmental and social issues.

7. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Spatial Data is further shaped by the decision-making process to which it is subject SpatialData People Information AccessPolicyStandards Decision Making Process Management / Administration underpinned by access to spatial information. The Significance of Data? (Adopted from Feeney 2003)

8. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Immature institutional arrangements Immature user/provider relationships Poor knowledge of data availability Difficulties in assessing data quality Inconsistent policies on data access and use Lack of best practice in the use of technologies So Why the Problem?

9. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Less than 5% understand the technology 95% do not understand the technology Who understands place? Less than 1% of people are specialists The vast majority of users do not know they are “spatially enabled” – and don’t care! Society DSE-SII 2006

10. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Spatial Data Infrastructure sharing SDI is all about facilitation and coordination of the exchange and sharing of spatial data, services and related resources; enable SDIs constitute a set of relationships and partnerships that enable data sharing, update and integration (start where you are ready to start). Components-collection of people, policies, networked datasets and enabling technologies and services.

11. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Global SDI Regional SDI National SDI State SDI Local SDI Spatial Data Infrastructures Organisational SDI Less detailed data Global Decisions Regional Decisions National Decisions State Decisions Local Decisions More detailed Data Many groups working on same problem at different levels on the hierarchy. Success depends on intra- and inter- jurisdictional cooperation between individuals and agencies. Strategic Planning & Decision Making Organisational Decisions

12. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Concepts & Principals Related initiatives & issues Technical Institutional & Tools Standards Data, Platforms, Applications Policy SDIPlatform Spatial data: importance and challenges SDI concept and principles Spatially enabling society SDI development strategies and models Silo problem …… Data integration Data integration models Data integration web service SDI and Google SDI and Virtual Earth Seamless SDI Marine SDI SDI and emergency management GSDI, Digital Earth, Global Map, UNSD SDI Governance Spatial data management SDI assessment models Benchmarking Managing RRRs Capacity building SDI & LA SDI Road map Financing Policy and privacy issues Legislation or collaboration Development of appropriate policy Custodianship, collaboration and institutional arrangements Partnerships UML Modeling Data models within SDI framework Data Standards ICA, ISO, OGC Metadata standards SDI and UML modelling Data catalogue Clearinghouse Interoperability Access and security Web delivery services Open Systems and Network Spatial computing Sensor network Ubiquitous Metadata Metadata Entry Tools Standards Web services XML, XML Schema, GML and SVG Web Mapping Services (WMS, WFS WCS) Visualization ASSETTA Spatially Enabled Property data SDI related Tools Visualization Tools and Models Data Integration Tool Content and Elements

13. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Continuum of SDI Development Future 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2003 2005 2008 Future Developing Countries Emerging Economies Product-Based SDI development model Process Based SDI development model National/Federal Government Influence – Data Focus National, Sub-national Govt. and Private Sector Influence – Process Focus 1 st Generation Developed Countries Developed, Emerging and Developing Countries 2 nd Generation Towards the Next Generation Sub-national Govt. and Private Sector Influence – Strategic National focus Delivery of a Virtual Environment in support of spatial enablement of society as part of an e-government strategy

14. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Implementation – Drivers Increase effectiveness –Better access (reduce barriers) –New services –Exploit data better –Get data on time –Avoid duplication of data Increase efficiency –Avoid duplication of effort –Avoid duplication of infrastructure –Commodity access arrangements

15. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Connecting Drivers with Enablers Data, Information & Technologies SDI Distribution Network Projects EnablingMechanism SDI Framework BusinessDrivers (Busby 2003)

16. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics distributed datasets information & communication technologies ‘fundamental’ datasets data access custodianship metadata standards policies programs What does the Enabling Mechanism Do?

17. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Less than 5% understand the technology 95% do not understand the technology Who understands place? Less than 1% of people are specialists The vast majority of users do not know they are “spatially enabled” – and don’t care! Society DSE-SII 2006 95% do not understand the technology

18. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics What is Spatially Enabled Government- SEG? Location or place is used –initially to organise government information, –then to re-engineer government processes to deliver better policy outcomes, –Spatially enabled will ensure better productivity and efficiency, Place is used in a transparent manner. SEG means far better delivery of government services and sustainability better decisions by government.

19. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Spatial Information in Society Spatial enablement of society and government Spatial information policy SDI Spatial Data layers Objects

20. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Spatially Enabled Society – A Scenario for the Future The ‘spatial enablement’ can reshape our lives.

21. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Possibilities provided by Spatial Enablement Spatial enablement can contribute to dealing with the challenges we face as a society. At the same time, however, it brings its own challenges. Expanding government services — ‘consultation & participation’ Policy & Administration Public Safety Utilities Health Sustainability and our environmental footprint Land Administration The economics of production Consumption and choice

22. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Governance and Partnership Building DB

23. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Possibilities provided by Spatial Enablement Spatial enablement can contribute to dealing with the challenges we face as a society. At the same time, however, it brings its own challenges. Expanding government services — ‘consultation & participation’ Policy & Administration Public Safety Utilities Health Sustainability and our environmental footprint Land Administration The economics of production Consumption and choice

24. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Business licenses Hydrology Owners’ names Geology Climate Owners’ addresses Owners’ contact address Business entities Heritage Residents and or occupiers Soil Estates and interests DCDB Satellite images Geographic Names Geocoded property addresses Habitat Aerial photos Utilities Topographic map archive Body corporate rules and responsibilities Restricted sites Parcel Use, condition and zoning Burglary risks Landform (DTM) Rates Property Mortgages Drainage Transport Access Boundaries Administrative boundaries Resources Water license Topographic reference data sets Image data Geographic names register Photogrammetric control archive Spatial & Spatial &Non-SpatialData Non-SpatialData Spatial Data InfrastructuresSDIs InfrastructuresSDIs Web Enabled Access Location Based Platforms EnablingTechnology SupportedFunctions for Key Government and Business Activities SupportedFunctions for Key Government and Business Activities Policy making Land development & planning Transactions management Activity management Emergency management Land valuation & taxation Provision of utilities & services Transport and access Farming & resource management Disclosure of restrictions

25. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics 1. Multipurpose Cadastre (German style) 1. Multipurpose Cadastre (German style) 2. Title or deeds tenure style cadastres 2. Title or deeds tenure style cadastres 3. Taxation driven cadastre (Latin /Spanish / French) 3. Taxation driven cadastre (Latin /Spanish / French) Tenure Value Use Development Incorporating: Land policy Spatially enabled LAS Services to business and public Country context Sustainable development - Economic - Environmental - Social - Governance Cadastral engines… Land management paradigm Spatially enabled government Parcels Properties Buildings Roads Integrated functions SDI Mapping agencies and other data providers Better decision making Significance of the cadastre

26. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Future Vision Time Achievement Present Past Paper Maps Centralized archives Isolated Computing stations No standardization Lack of Collaboration others Digital data Computer networks Web-based applications Distributed services Multi-disciplinary applications ? ? Internet GIS Remotely-sensed data Integrated data management Effective databases Evolving ICT advancements

27. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Time Achievement Current situation Past Vision Spatially-enabled Society Spatially-enablement stages Spectrum Every country has its own journey

28. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Time Achievement Current situation Past Vision Spatially-enabled Society Spectrum Standardized services Policies Standards Simple user interfaces Web-services Capacity building Collaboration Raising awareness Governors and citizens engagement Governance and leadership SDI Governance Other External Pressures

29. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics The role is to glue together the technology, organizations and information that comprise an SDI The setting, application and enforcement of rules that determine how a group works together to achieve common goals. Processes and institutions to define and manage agreed policies, technologies, standards, practices, protocols & specifications and to monitor the SDI. Governance People Technology (Information) resources Governance

30. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Governance contexts Societal governance purpose - to ensure improved outcomes in public goods and service delivery scope – society exercised by – state, increasing inclusive of on behalf of - society purpose - to direct, supervise, monitor operational management of corporation scope – organisation exercised by - board on behalf of - organization owners/stakeholders purpose - to enable inclusive effective decision- making about an organization’s IT resources scope – organisation exercised by - designated IT stakeholders on behalf of - organizations managers and shareholders Corporate governance IT governance SOA governance purpose - to support decision-making about design and operation of shared infrastructure exercised by - designated stakeholders of an infrastructure scope - within an organization scope - increasingly across organizational and jurisdictional boundaries on behalf of - stakeholders (operators, users) SDIgovernance (Box 2008)

31. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Spatial Enablement – Experiences & Activities Convergence theme GSDI 11 Conference, 2009, NL Victorian State Australia Asia-PacificPCGIAPAsia-PacificPCGIAP GSDI Association GSDI Association Victorian Spatial Council Victorian Spatial Strategy 2008-2010 UN Resolution, 2006 for SEG and VSDI SEG International Workshop, Korea 2007 (jointly with GSDI) SEG Working Group

32. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Victorian Spatial Information Strategy 2008-2010 Spatially Enabled Victoria Elements: governance custodianship framework information business information data quality metadata awareness access pricing and licensing privacy strategic development of technology and applications PublicPrivate HighLow High Low High 4 scenarios of the effects of different levels of private and public sector engagement: PublicPrivate HighLow High Low High

33. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics 17th United Nations RCC-AP, Bangkok, 18-22 September 2006 17th United Nations RCC-AP, Bangkok, 18-22 September 2006 Resolution: SDI to support spatially enabled government Recommendation: Member Nations develop a better understanding and pursue the principles of designing SDIs to support spatially enabled government. Asia and the Pacific

34. GSDI Perspective GI Society: A Partner in Setting the Global Agenda SDI Convergence Canada Americas Africa Asia / Pacific Europe SDI regions FAO Global society UNISEF Water Forum World Bank WHO UN Habitat

35. GSDI 11 Conference The Netherlands June 15 – 19 2009 GSDI 11 World Conference Spatial Data Infrastructure Convergence: Building SDI Bridges to Address Global Challenges

36. GSDI 11 Conference The Netherlands June 15 – 19 2009

37. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Vision Current position Mapping Common Paths to achieve the Vision Requires collective action Different groups working on different parts of the problem Together pieces provide potential paths to realising vision Knowledge managements is required Treated as integral part of SDI To get from where we are now to where we want to be To assist in collaborative mapping of possible re-usable common paths to a shared vision: To assist in collaborative mapping of possible re-usable common paths to a shared vision: Enables the past to be leveraged to achieve a future vision.

38. Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Thank you