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Reproduction & Heredity
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Stages of Reproduction
Fertilization~ Joining of an egg and a sperm in the fallopian tube ***VIDEO*** Click on picture How Pregnancy Happens
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Embryo: A fertilized egg in the first 2 months Fetus: From the 3rd month on the embryo is called a fetus.
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Stages of Birth: Labor – mild contractions pushes the
baby against the cervix 2. Birth – Baby pushes through the cervix and into the birth canal. 3. After birth – After the baby is delivered, the placenta separates and is delivered.
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Identical Twins: Twins developed from the same fertilized egg that splits.
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Fraternal Twins: Twins that develop at same time but from separate fertilized eggs.
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A natural birth of a baby..
Vaginal Birth: A natural birth of a baby.. ***video*** Click on image!
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Breech Birth: Feet or butt of a baby enters the birth canal first.
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Cesarean Section (C section)~
An incision is made in the abdomen and uterus in order to deliver the baby.
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Anemia~ Low number of healthy red blood cells, insufficient iron. The baby takes iron to make red blood cells.
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Toxemia~ The body retains toxic waste, can lead to weight gain and swollen feet. If left untreated can lead to convulsions and coma.
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Gestational Diabetes~
Occasionally a pregnant woman may temporarily develop diabetes, usually near the end of her pregnancy, can cause the baby to be big.
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Miscarriage~ Muscles in the uterus contract
and force a nonliving embryo from the body, usually within the first 3 months. Still Birth~ Occurs when a mother delivers a non living fetus after full term.
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Incubator~ keeps a premature baby in a
sterile environment and at a warm temperature until fully developed. Premature Birth~ babies born before they are fully developed.
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Birth Defects~ Physical or mental disabilities that are present at birth. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders~ birth defects caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy. This disability is 100% preventable!
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Heredity: Chromosomes~ tiny threadlike structures that
carry hereditary information from generation to generation. Every cell contains 46 chromosomes, 23 from mother and 23 from father.
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X Chromosomes = Female (XX) Y Chromosomes = Male (XY)
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Genes~ Chromosomes are divided into
smaller units which contain instructions to help determine a certain characteristic of an individual. DNA ~ makes up the genes
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Dominant Genes~ Person will show the trait
coded for by the gene even if only one gene is present. Recessive Genes~ Occurs only if a Dominant gene is not present. (ex…rolling your tongue)
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Prenatal Diagnosis: Amniocentesis~ test used by taking amniotic
fluid from the mother. Ultrasound~ Sound waves used to produce images of the fetus.
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What would be the Reason for prenatal testing?
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