1. Yangtze River North and South By: Madison Bullock, Christina Mahoney, Irena Vasilioglo, and Taylor Williams

2. Background Information (Part 1) Location: Southern China Geography: River that flows through 9 provinces in China and latitude between 24°30′ and 35°45′N and longitude between 90°33′ and 112°25′E Climate: subtropics, 20 – 24 ℃ is the average temperature in the lower part of the river and the average temperature for the upper part of the river is 12-14 ℃, 1067mm is the average rainfall but is not evenly distributed among the river Cultural: This river provides water for much of the south in China and is one of the main sources that is used for agriculture. Origin: East China Sea

3. Background Information (Part 2) Purpose: To transfer water from Yangtze River to the Yellow River Basin to bring more water to industries, cities, and China’s breadbasket Description of Diversion: this involves bringing water from the southern rivers of the country to the northern part of the country that is in a drought Present Conditions: This project was started in 2002 and is expected to take 50 years to completely finish the project. The first phrase was completed in the eastern route in 2013. Government Involvement: Government says this will help the north get more suitable water to drink while the south says there is not enough to share if there is enough drinkable water for the south and water for sowing crops.

4. Comparisons The South-North Water Diversion Project and the Three Gorges Dam compare in a couple of ways. Both of the projects take place on the Yangtze River. The Three Gorges Dam was built to control flooding, generate power, create navigation, and attract tourists. The South-North Water Diversion project involves drawing water from southern rivers and supplying it to the dry north. Both project tie into one another, the Three Gorges Dam makes the South- North Water Diversion project harder to carry out.

5. Purpose The main purpose of this water diversion project is to supply northern provinces which are scarce water from the South with the source of the Yangtze River. This water would be supplied to cities, industries, and China’s area of agriculture also known as China’s breadbasket. The north is the area of China that mostly affects the China’s economy. With the diversion of this water China’s economy would increase China’s economic growth.

6. Execution -China recently inaugurated one of the biggest engineering projects of all time. The Yangtze River North and South Diversion of 2,400km of canals and tunnels. The project is designed to move 44.8bn cubic meters of water annually from China’s humid south to its industrialized north. -The project officially began carrying water from the Danjiangkou reservoir in China's Hubei area to Beijing. -The once water filled Wanquan canal now is paved over with concrete in attempts to keep water from soaking into the ground when the canal was full. A large pipe is now on top of the canal to maneuver the water. Water Transfer Routes

7. Effectiveness The North South Division Project positively affects most of the northern provinces of China. and has done a lot more harm to the environment than actually helping the environment. So far it has been effective in eradicating the problem of severely degraded ecosystems as an advantage seen by which would improve the quality and the amount of water in the north. There has also been an increase in productivity gains in many northern provinces contributing to the availability of water resources. This has allowed firms to increase their own productivity giving China the opportunity to continue to experience growth in GDP serving as one of China’s economic powerhouses. Unfortunately the overall effects of The North South Diversion Project has done more harm to the environment than actual help.

8. Effects The effect of the South North diversion project took place before it even began. Due to the construction of the project many people were left displaced from their homes. There has been a large increase in water pollution and in some areas of the Yangtze River water has been deemed unfit to drink. So now the water is used for industrial and agricultural purposes. Because the project is focused on the North, problems created from this project that affect the south are not being paid any attention.

9. References https://uosm2018.wordpress.com/2014/03/13/impact-of-the-south-north-water-transfer-project/ https://www.internationalrivers.org/campaigns/south-north-water-transfer-project https://www.mtholyoke.edu/~lpohara/ https://www.internationalrivers.org/resources/china-bets-on-massive-water-transfers-to-solve-crisis-1899 http://www.meiyatravel.com/Guide/12249.aspx http://www.theguardian.com/environment/chinas-choice/2013/jun/05/chinas-water-diversion-project-south- north