1. Ch 2

2.  A. China is considered one of the longest living civilizations B. China was isolated 1. Rarely was invaded 2. Developed everything on their own 3. Very distinct identity 4. Very close ties to personal history I. General Information

3.  C. Intellectual ideology 1. Harmony in Nature: Ying and Yang 2. Daoism- Avoid excess D. Geographic region 1. Consistently occupy the Huanghe and Yangtze River valleys I. General Information

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5.  E. Consisted of three dynasties 1. Zhou Dynasty 1029-258 BC 2. Qin Dynasty 221-202 BC 3. 202 BC- 220 AD F. History is seen as cycles I. General Information

6.  A.Lasted from 1029-258 BC B.Worked off of a feudal system 1.Agriculture in “Middle Kingdom” 2.Wheat- North & Rice- South C.Emperors ruled by Mandate of Heaven 1. Called Sons of Heaven II. Zhou Dynasty

7.  D. Started to decline around 700 BC 1.Nomadic tribes started to invade 2.Downfall led to philosophers such as Confucius 3.Ended in civil war between princes II. Zhou Dynasty

8.  E. Contributions 1. Mandarin 2. Banning human sacrifice 3. Political Ethics (Confucius) II. Zhou Dynasty

9.  A.Origination for the Name China B.Short lived dynasty (21 years) C.Qin Shi Huangdi (first emperor) 1.Very brutal leader 2.Brought nobles to court 3.Officials were nonaristocratic 4.Extended territory 5.Burned books and attacked culture 6.High taxes III. Qin Dynasty

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11.  D. Contributions 1. Standardized coins, weights and measurements 2.Census 3.Uniform written language 4.Irrigation 5.Promoted Silk production 6.Built the Great Wall (3000 Miles) E. Died in 210 BC 1.Revolts III. Qin Dynasty

12.  Great Wall

13.  A.Centralized government but not repressive like Qin B.Extended borders C.Traded with India and Mediterranean D.Emperor Wu Ti brought peace 1.Chinese version of Pax Romana with Augustus E.Focused on culture and Confucious F.Declined with the invasion of the Huns 1. Brought chaos to China IV. Han Dynasty

14.  A.Very Bureaucratic B.Universal taxes C.Civil Service Test D.Harsh punishment E.Lack of military focus V. Politics

15.  A.Daoism 1.Focus on harmony and balance 2.Ying and Yang 3.Everything eventually balances out VI. Culture

16.  B. Ancestor worship/ polytheism 1.Worship dead ancestors 2.Try to please ancestors 3.Spirits in nature VI. Culture

17.  C. Confucianism 1.Respect tradition and virtue 2.Summed up in the Analects 3.Leaders are to be examples 4.Leaves no spiritual side D. Legalism 1.Goes with Confucianism 2.Humans are evil and need restraint VI. Culture

18.  E. Science 1.Studied planets and their motion 2.Focused on practical applications 3.Linked hygiene with health F. Patriarchal Society 1.Father runs family 2.Close family ties. G. Trade 1.Focus of trade: Silk (Silk Road) VI. Culture

19.  A.Ox Drawn Plows and Plow Collars B.Iron Mining (Pulleys) C.Water Powered Mills D.Paper E.Porcelain F.Compass VII. Contributions