1. © 2009 IBM Corporation Tianhong Wang 2012/06/28 Android’s udev —— Vold

2. © 2009 IBM Corporation Agenda  Linux Udev Introduction  Udev Usage Example  Android Vold Introduction

3. © 2009 IBM Corporation Linux Udev Introduction U U Udev is the device manager for the linux kernel. Primarily, it manages device nodes in /dev. It is the successor of devfs and hotplug, which means that it handles the /dev directory and all user space actions when adding/removing devices, including firmware load.

4. © 2009 IBM Corporation Linux Udev Architecture U T The system is divided into three parts: 1 1. namedev —— parse the naming rule config file /etc/udev/rules.d 2 2. libsysfs —— read the hardware information under /sys/class 3 3. udev —— get the libsysfs info and the namedev info to create the device file under /dev U udev toolsets: udevadm 、 udevcontrol 、 udevinfo 、 udevmonitor 、 udevsettle 、 udevtest 、 udevtrigger

5. © 2009 IBM Corporation Linux Udev Architecture U

6. © 2009 IBM Corporation Udev Usage Example U

7. © 2009 IBM Corporation Udev Usage Example U

8. © 2009 IBM Corporation Android Vold Introduction Vold has two function: 1) send the kernel message to user space 2) accpet the user space command to do the device mount operation

9. © 2009 IBM Corporation Android Vold Basic Structure Vold(Volume Daemon) is a new mechanism that can dynamically create the device file according to listen the kernel uevent.

10. © 2009 IBM Corporation Android Vold Structure in Framework Layer NativeDaemonConnector SocketListener NetlinkListenerCommandListener AutoVolume DirectVolume VolumeManager NetlinkManagerVolume read vold.fstab, create DirectVolume Kernel Mount Command execute JNI

11. © 2009 IBM Corporation Vold Running Function Step 1: vold init startup Step 2: setup the connection Step 3: load the rule file Step 4: event handler

12. © 2009 IBM Corporation Step 1: Vold init startup

13. © 2009 IBM Corporation Step 1: Vold init startup void main(){ VolumeManager *vm; CommandListener *cl; NetlinkManager *nm; mkdir("/dev/block/vold", 0755); /* Create our singleton managers */ if (!(vm = VolumeManager::Instance())) { SLOGE("Unable to create VolumeManager"); exit(1); }; if (!(nm = NetlinkManager::Instance())) { SLOGE("Unable to create NetlinkManager"); exit(1); }; cl = new CommandListener(); vm->setBroadcaster((SocketListener *) cl); nm->setBroadcaster((SocketListener *) cl); if (vm->start()) { SLOGE("Unable to start VolumeManager (%s)", strerror(errno)); exit(1); } if (process_config(vm)) { SLOGE("Error reading configuration (%s)... continuing anyways", strerror(errno)); } if (nm->start()) { SLOGE("Unable to start NetlinkManager (%s)", strerror(errno)); exit(1); } … }

14. © 2009 IBM Corporation Step 2: setup the connection Two communication socket: 1)Vold socket: communction with vold and framework(FrameworkListener) 2)Sysfs uevent socket: communication with kernel(NetlinkListener)

15. © 2009 IBM Corporation Step 3: Load Rules file —— vold.fstab

16. © 2009 IBM Corporation Step 4: Event Handler 1) kernel trigger uevent: call NetlinkHandler::onEvent() after parsing uevent information

17. © 2009 IBM Corporation Step 4: Event Handler 2) Command Sent from Framework Layer: call VolumeManger function

18. © 2009 IBM Corporation Netlink Mechanism Kernel SpaceUser Space netlink_proto_init netlink_kernel_create sock_register(&netlink_family_ops) syscall: socket sys_sock netlink_create netlink_rcv_skb netlink_create send_to

19. © 2009 IBM Corporation static int __inti netlink_proto_init(void) { …… sock_register(&netlink_family_ops); …… } static const struct net_proto_family netlink_family_ops = {.family = PF_NETLINK,.create = netlink_create,.owner= THIS_MODULE,/* for consistency 8) */ }; static int netlink_create(struct net *net, struct socket *sock, int protocol, int kern) { struct module *module = NULL; struct mutex *cb_mutex; struct netlink_sock *nlk; int err = 0; sock->state = SS_UNCONNECTED; if (sock->type != SOCK_RAW && sock->type != SOCK_DGRAM) return -ESOCKTNOSUPPORT; if (protocol = MAX_LINKS) return -EPROTONOSUPPORT; netlink_lock_table(); …… } Client Netlink Socket

20. © 2009 IBM Corporation struct sock * netlink_kernel_create(struct net *net, int unit, unsigned int groups, void (*input)(struct sk_buff *skb), struct mutex *cb_mutex, struct module *module) { struct socket *sock; struct sock *sk; struct netlink_sock *nlk; struct listeners *listeners = NULL; BUG_ON(!nl_table); if (unit = MAX_LINKS) return NULL; if (sock_create_lite(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_DGRAM, unit, &sock)) return NULL; …… } Server Netlink Socket

21. © 2009 IBM Corporation