1. Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) Training
Robert Evangelisti, P.E., CEA, CHMM, CSP
Occupational and Environmental Safety & Health
University of Wisconsin-Whitewater
Midwest Water Analysts Association Expo 2016 Winter Meeting
January 29, 2016
3:20 PM
South Room
Kenosha, WI

2. Purpose of the Talk
Discuss the Features and Benefits of Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)
Help you understand how to conduct a JHA at your site
Help you understand the information gathered during the JHA process to reduce hazards, incidents and injuries 2

3. Topics Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) Terms Conducting a JHA
Job Risk Inventory – Form
Job Hazard Analysis – Form
Job Hazard Analysis – Review
JHA - Other Applications
Summary
To learn more about JHAs 3

4. Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) - 1
A method for studying a job in order to:
Identify hazards
Assess risk
Develop controls, actions, solutions, corrective actions - all have the same goal in the end – protect people
Controls:
Engineering - best
Administrative - training, procedures, rules, etc.
PPE – last line of defense 4

5. Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) - 2
JHA can also be called:
Job Risk Assessment (JRA)
Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
Task Hazard Analysis (THA)
Risk Analysis and Evaluation (RAE), etc.
No OSHA Standard requiring JHAs
JHAs can be expanded to become a Job Safety and Environmental Analysis (JSEA)
JHAs are an important part of risk management. 5

6. Occupational Safety & Health Act
General Duty Clause § 5(a):
(1) “Each employer … shall furnish … employment … free from recognized hazards that are causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees”
(2) “shall comply with … safety and health standards…”
29 USC 654(a)
Goal § 6(b)(5):
To ensure that “no employee will suffer material impairment of health or functional capacity” from a lifetime of occupational exposure
29 USC 655(b)(5)

7. Terms - 1
HAZARD: An existing or potential condition that can result in injuries, property damage or other losses
RISK: The likelihood, high or low, that someone or something will be harmed by a hazard 7

8. Terms - 2
SAFETY: Protected from or unlikely to cause danger, risk, or injury. 8

9. 4/27/2017
EHS Priorities
Protect people — employees, temporary workers, contractors, suppliers, and visitors
Protect the environment (natural and human)
Protect the business from interruption and loss of jobs
Protect the property from damage
Your goal is to keep people safe: even one accident or incident is one too many. 9

10. Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)
JHA consists of four (4) phases:
Determine the job to be analyzed based on potential hazards - can also call “risk.”
Break down the job into basic steps and the sequence in which those steps are performed.
Evaluate each step for safety, health and environmental hazards.
Recommend solutions for each hazard identified.
Could also include environmental risks, aspects, impacts, etc. 10

11. JHA Benefits – Sales Job
If hazards can be identified, anticipated, and controlled, JHAs can reduce incidents, injuries, illnesses by:
Assessing operations in the work place
Correcting uncontrolled hazards
Establishing proper procedures
Establishing OTJ training using JHAs
Showing management’s commitment to a safe workplace 11

12. Job Hazard Analysis - Job
In a JHA, a job is a specific set of activities which accomplishes a work goal.
It is NOT a:
title
position
occupation 12

13. Conducting a JHA - Phase 1
Determine jobs to be analyzed.
A JHA should be performed on jobs that address the following questions:
Has the job caused accidents in the past?
Has the job caused near misses in the past?
Does the job have a high potential to cause severe injury, illness, property damage or environmental degradation?
Has the job had a high accident/incident frequency?
Does the job have a possibility of accident/incident?
Has the job undergone changes in processes, equipment or procedures?
Could the job result in a spill, release, fire, explosion, violation, etc.?
Is the job newly created? 13

14. Conducting a JHA - Phase 1
Look at:
Exposure concerns
Potential consequences
Accident frequency
Operation or equipment change
Rate the job: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
While this may be a subjective process, try to reach group consensus.
While the group could be a 2-person team, try to get consensus of entire team.
Document on a Job Risk Inventory – Form 14

15. Job Risk Inventory - Form15

16. Conducting a JHA - Phase 2
Break down the job into basic steps.
The steps should:
Describe what is done now:
Not how it was done in past.
How should it be done?
Be in sequential order
Avoid too much detail steps may be adequate.
Avoid generalities - do not omit steps or use vague descriptions.
Begin with an action verb, e.g., remove, attach, etc. 16

17. Job Hazard Analysis – Form17

18. Conducting a JHA - Phase 2
Determine basic job steps through direct observation:
Select a job and an employee who performs that job.
Brief the employee on the purpose of the observation – get his/her input.
Study the job, not the performance.
Write down everything performed by the employee. Pay special attention to changes in activity.
Review your break-down with the employee.
Record the break-down of steps on the JHA form. 18

19. Conducting a JHA - Phase 2
Determine basic job steps using discussion method:
Select a group of employees that perform the job in question.
Ask the group to explain their activities.
Break down the job steps on the JHA form.
Direct observation may be preferable. 19

20. Conducting a JHA – Phase 3
Evaluate each step for hazards:
Examine each step for actions or conditions that could possibly cause an accident.
The goal is to identify all hazards, whether they are a result of an unsafe act, behavior, or condition.
May have more than one hazard per step
Can the hazard be eliminated?
If it cannot be eliminated, it needs to be controlled. 20

21. Conducting a JHA – Phase 3
Hazards are usually either chemical, physical/mechanical or ergonomic.
Ask:
Is the employee at risk of exposure to hazardous substances and conditions, such as chemicals, gasses, mists, fumes, vapors, heat, noise, radiation or containment?
Is the employee exposed to hazardous tools and equipment?
Is the employee in danger of being struck by a falling or flying object?
Can the employee strain himself or herself by pushing, pulling, lifting, bending or twisting?
Can the employee fall, slip or trip?
Can the employee get caught in, by or between objects?
Is there danger of explosion, fire, and electrical shock?
Is the ventilation and lighting adequate?
Are there repetitive motion activities?
Could the job result in a spill, release, waste generation, etc.?
Could the job result in property damage, loss, etc.?
Could the job result in a governmental violation, etc.? 21

22. Conducting a JHA – Phase 3
Identifying hazards
What could go wrong?
What are the consequences?
How could it happen?
Are there contributing factors?
What is the likelihood of occurrence?
What is the significance of occurrence? 22

23. Conducting a JHA – Phase 4
Recommend solutions for the hazards identified:
Procedure based: The job might be performed in another way.
Environment based: The work environment could be made safer or alternative tools/equipment could be used.
Method based: Less hazardous materials and PPE could be used.
Frequency based: The frequency of a step could be reduced.
Remember your control hierarchy:
Engineering
Administrative
PPE 23

24. Conducting a JHA – Phase 5
Completed JHAs should be reviewed by a supervisor, department head and EHS professional.
Review completed and approved JHAs with all employees performing the job. 24

25. JHA - Review JHA Consists of four (4) phases:
Determine the job to be analyzed based on potential hazards (can also call “risk”).
Break down the job into basic steps and the sequence in which those steps are. performed.
Evaluate each step for safety, health and environmental hazards.
Recommend solutions for each hazard identified. 25

26. JHA – “Other” Applications
Training tool:
Inform new employees how to perform in safe, efficient way.
Educate new employees about basic job steps.
Instruct employees involved in irregular or infrequent jobs.
Improve job methods to enhance productivity.
Increase employee safety awareness.
Include environmental risks (JSEA) 26

27. Weaknesses in JHA Can miss environmental exposures
Can be overcome if aware of this limitation
Limited by the knowledge of people doing the JHA
Practice makes perfect.
Remember mid-level task? Heat exposure, Noise Exposure

28. Summary - 1 Job Hazard Analysis (JHA): No OSHA Standard for JHA
A method for studying a job in order to identify existing or potential hazards and develop solutions to eliminate or minimize those hazards
No OSHA Standard for JHA 28

29. Summary - 2 Consider doing a JHA for every “routine” task.
Keep it simple.
Eventually will have a library of JHAs
List the tasks: step-by-step
List the hazards
List the controls
Revise JHA:
If there is an incident involving the job
If you realize step, hazard, or control missing 29

30. Summary - 3 Consider: To be most effective, JHAs should be:
Understood, used and followed
Shared
Updated
Reviewed immediately in the event of an accident as a part of the incident investigation
Revised as appropriate
Consider:
Writing a JHA procedure (with forms)
Conducting JHA training
These can help institutionalize the JHA process. 30

31. Summary - 4 Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) Terms Conducting a JHA
Job Risk Inventory – Form
Job Hazard Analysis – Form
Job Hazard Analysis – Review
JHA - Other Applications
Summary
To learn more about JHAs 31

32. To learn more about JHAs
OSHA 3071: Job Hazard Analysis 32

33. Water Law
4/27/2017
Contact Information
Robert Evangelisti, P.E., CEA, CHMM, CSP University of Wisconsin-Whitewater OESH Department Hyland Hall West Main Street Whitewater, WI UWW: Cell: 33
Robert Evangelisti, P.E., CEA, CHMM, CSP