1. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Human Anatomy & Physiology SEVENTH EDITION Elaine N. Marieb Katja Hoehn Active Lecture Questions prepared by Cinnamon VanPutte, Southwestern Illinois College C H A P T E R 19 The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

2. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Of the following vessel types, which are those responsible for exchange of gases and nutrients with tissues? a. arteries b. arterioles c. capillaries d. veins

3. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Of the following vessel types, which are those that conduct blood toward the heart, regardless of oxygen content? a. arteries b. arterioles c. capillaries d. veins

4. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Of the following blood vessel components, which is the most critical in regulating systemic blood pressure? a. tunica intima b. tunica media c. tunica externa d. venous valves

5. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Of the following cardiovascular components, which contains the majority of the body’s blood volume at any one time? a. pulmonary capillaries b. heart c. systemic veins and venules d. systemic capillaries

6. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Some of the least permeable capillaries are found in the ________, while some of the most permeable capillaries are found in the _________. a. kidney… brain b. intestine… muscles c. bone marrow… brain d. brain… bone marrow

7. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Predict the change in peripheral resistance as blood vessel diameter increases. a. peripheral resistance decreases b. peripheral resistance increases c. peripheral resistance remains unchanged d. peripheral resistance is constant in humans

8. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Why has pulse pressure disappeared by the time blood reaches capillary beds? a. the elastic arteries are too stretchy b. capillaries are too stiff to accommodate the pulse pressure c. because diastole lasts longer than systole d. because the muscular arterioles do not exhibit elastic rebound

9. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings What affect would long periods of skeletal muscle inactivity have on blood flow? a. it causes blood pooling and a slowing of blood flow b. it causes a compensatory increase in arterial pressure c. it causes a sharp decrease in heart rate d. it causes a sharp decrease in respiratory rate

10. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings What is the major factor controlling stroke volume during resting periods? a. sympathetic input b. parasympathetic input c. venous return to the heart d. peripheral resistance changes

11. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Of the following factors affecting blood pressure, which is/are the most easily regulated? a. vessel length b. vessel diameter c. blood viscosity d. vessel diameter and cardiac output

12. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Predict what might happen to peripheral resistance in arterioles supplying skeletal muscle when pH levels drop. a. vasoconstriction in vessels supplying skeletal muscle b. vasodilation in vessels supplying digestive viscera c. vasodilation in vessels supplying skeletal muscle d. no change in skeletal muscle vessels

13. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Baroreceptors detect changes in __________. a. blood O 2 levels b. stretch in arterial walls c. blood CO 2 levels d. blood H + levels

14. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings If baroreceptors are primed to detect blood pressure changes and compensate for them, how is it that some patients suffer from chronic hypertension? a. these baroreceptors have failed in these patients b. the baroreceptors in these patients have a new higher set-point c. these baroreceptors are chemically inducing changes that one might experience under low blood pressure conditions d. the blood viscosity has increased in hypertensive patients

15. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings When blood levels of sodium are increased, which of the following hormones would you expect to increase? a. atrial natriuretic peptide b. aldosterone c. epinephrine d. angiotensin II

16. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following changes would effect the longest lasting changes in blood pressure? a. release of norepinephrine b. release of antidiuretic hormone c. increased heart rate d. release of angiotensin

17. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Why are ACE-inhibitor drugs effective blood pressure- lowering medications? a. by inhibiting angiotensin II, peripheral resistance stays low and the kidneys continue to excrete sodium b. ACE inhibitors slow urine formation c. ACE inhibitors are potent vasoconstrictors d. ACE inhibitors are actually blood pressure- elevating drugs

18. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Why does blood velocity decrease as it flows into a capillary bed? a. because the diameter of the capillaries is smaller than that of the arterioles and arteries b. because the cross-sectional area of the capillary beds is approximately 2000x than that of the aorta c. blood flow slows to allow diffusion to occur d. the pressure is muscle higher in the capillaries

19. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings A decrease in O 2 level in skeletal muscle would initiate an autoregulatory mechanism that would stimulate _________ in the arterioles supplying the muscle. a. vasodilation b. vasoconstriction c. increased heart rate d. no change in the vessels

20. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Why is vasodilation prominent in the skin when a person increases physical activity? a. to increase delivery of nutrients to the skin to induce sweating b. because skeletal muscles are close to the skin, they receive the oxygen via diffusion c. heat is dissipated across the skin from the blood to help cool the body d. skin vasodilation is a secondary side effect during exercise

21. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings In what way is pulmonary circulation different from circulation in other body tissues? a. pulmonary circulation does not exhibit vasoconstriction b. pulmonary circulation does not exhibit vasodilation c. as opposed to other tissues, low O 2 levels in the lungs induces vasoconstriction d. as opposed to other tissues, low O 2 levels in the lungs induces vasodilation

22. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The primary mechanism driving filtration in capillary beds is ______. a. diffusion b. capillary osmotic pressure c. hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid d. hydrostatic pressure within the capillaries

23. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Capillary colloid osmotic pressure created by _________ tends to _______. a. blood volume… push fluids out of the capillary. b. nondiffusable plasma proteins… draw fluids into the capillary. c. interstitial fluid… draw fluids out of the capillary. d. proteins in the interstitial fluid… push fluids into the interstitial fluid.

24. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings What role do the lymphatic vessels have when it comes to fluid movements across capillary beds? a. lymphatic vessels reclaim any fluid from the tissue spaces that doesn’t get returned to the blood b. lymph vessels also deliver O 2 to tissues c. lymph vessels provide the hydrostatic pressure that drives filtration d. lymph vessels provide the colloid osmotic pressure in the capillaries that reclaims wastes from the tissues for transport in the blood

25. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Blood is returned to the heart via_________. a. the superior vena cava b. the inferior vena cava c. coronary sinus d. all of the above

26. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Blood drained form digestive organs empties into the ______ before it perfuses the liver. a. inferior vena cava b. hepatic vein c. hepatic portal vein d. dural sinus

27. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The major vessel delivering deoxygenated blood to the lungs is the ______. a. pulmonary trunk b. pulmonary veins c. aorta d. superior vena cava

28. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings How many branches does the aortic arch give rise to? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

29. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The superior vena cava receives systemic blood draining from all areas superior to the diaphragm except the ________. a. lungs b. upper arm c. heart wall d. brain

30. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Compression of which vessel could cause unconsciousness? a. carotid artery b. jugular vein c. subclavian artery d. basilar artery

31. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which vessel receives blood drainage from the abdominopelvic viscera and returns it to the heart? a. azygos b. hepatic portal vein c. inferior vena cava d. superior vena cava