1. Section 1: Spanish Settlements on the Frontier
Main Ideas
Spanish officials promoted the building of missions, presidios, towns, and ranches in the borderlands.
The Spanish established missions along the western Rio Grande during the 1680s.
Question: How did Spanish officials try to control the borderlands of New Spain?

2. To control the borderlands
Mission-Presidio System
Goal
Four types of Spanish settlements
Teach Indians about Catholicism and Spanish way of life
Create Spanish presence in the Americas
Protect Spanish citizens at missions and ranches
missions, presidios, towns, ranchos

3. Section 2: The French Challenge
Main Ideas
The French under La Salle established a settlement on the Texas coast, but it failed.
The French presence in Texas led the Spanish to create new missions in the region.
Question: What effect did the La Salle expedition have on Spanish policy?

4. De León and Father Massanet find two
French survivors.
La Salle Expedition
New Spanish Policy:
The Spanish learn of the expedition
and begin searching for it.
De León and Massanet find the remains of Fort
St. Louis and meet the Tejas.
establish missions in East Texas to convert the
Tejas and protect the region from the French

5. Section 3: The Spanish Return to Texas
Main Ideas
In response to a perceived threat from the French, the Spanish resettled in East Texas in the early 1700s.
The Spanish built several missions, a presidio, and the region's first civil settlement near what is now San Antonio.
Question: What settlements did the Spanish establish in the San Antonio River area?

6. San Antonio de Béxar Settlement Type Founder(s) Year San Antonio
de Valero
1718
mission
presidio
1720
civil settlement
1731
Martín de Alarcón
San Antonio
de Béxar
Martín de Alarcón
San José y
San Miguel
de Aguayo
Antonio Margil de Jesús
San Fernando
de Béxar
Canary Islander families

7. Section 4: The Expansion of Spanish Settlement
Main Ideas
The Aguayo expedition reopened missions in East Texas.
José de Escandón helped settle the Rio Grande valley.
Missions in Central Texas were attacked by the Apache.
Question: How did the Spanish reestablish control of Texas after the departure of the French?

8. Conflict between France and Spain The Spanish return to Texas.
Effects
The Spanish abandon East Texas.
Aguayo expedition
Aguayo Expedition
José de Escandón
Central Texas missions
founded missions and presidios
strengthened Spanish control
built settlements along Rio Grande
secured Gulf Coast area
missions failed to convert Apaches
missions attacked by hostile Indians

9. Section 5: Life in Spanish Texas
Main Ideas
Mission life was structured around prayer and work.
The life of a presidio soldier could be harsh.
Life in Spanish settlements reflected the influence of Spanish culture, which is still felt in Texas today.
Question: In what ways has Spanish culture influenced present-day Texas?

10. Examples of Spanish Influence in Texas
routes of
first Texas
roads
Catholic
heritage and
missions
many
Spanish
place names
Examples of Spanish
Influence in Texas
culture
(architecture,
art, food,
language,
music)
cattle
ranching
traditions and
terms
legal
traditions

11. How did the Spanish attempt to change American Indian culture?
Chapter Wrap-Up
How did the Spanish attempt to change American Indian culture?
How did San Antonio’s climate and location help the settlement become successful?
Why did the Spanish first leave and then return to Texas?