2. Components - Joints - Cartilage - Ligaments and Tendons - Bone

3. Cartilage – A connective tissue  Hyaline  Elastic  Fibrocartilage

4. Hyaline cartilage - 4 Types

5. Articular cartilage- covers ends of bones and moveable joints

6. Costal cartilage – attach ribs to the sternum

7. Respiratory cartilage - forms respiratory passages and larynx

8. Nasal cartilage - forms external nose

9. Elastic cartilage - Forms external ear - Forms epiglottis

12. Elastic cartilage

15. Fibrocartilage Withstands heavy pressure & tensile forces - Intervertebral disks - Knees and elbows

16. Fibrocartilage

19. Classification of bone  Long bones  Short bones  Sesamoid bones  Flat bones  Irregular bones

20. Sesamoid bones form within a tendon e.g. patella

21. “We are all sculptors and painters, and our material is our own flesh and blood and bones.” Henry David Thoreau

23. Achondroplasia abnormal bone growth that results in short stature with disproportionately short arms and legs, a large head

24. Diastrophic dysplasia is a disorder of cartilage and bone development.  This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern

27. Hormone Control of Bone Remodeling  PTH (Parathyroid hormone) is released by parathyroid glands when serum calcium levels are low which increase osteoclast activity.  Calcitonin is released by the thyroid gland when serum calcium levels are too high which stimulate osteoblast activity (causes them to release alkaline phosphatase)

28. Calcitonin PTH

30. Watch Breaking Bones

31. Homeostatic Imbalance Fracture – a break in the bone Open fracture – bone penetrates through the skin Closed fracture – bone does not penetrate skin

32. Homework  Explain in your own words, as if you were explaining to a middle school student, how a long bone grows. Include the effects of nutrition and hormones on development.

36. Depressed Fracture

37. Compression Fracture

46. Fracture treatment  Closed reduction – When a physician pulls on bone to realign bone ends  Open reduction – When a physician surgically inserts pins or wires to realign bones

47. Open Reduction - Mandible

49. Fracture healing 1. Hematoma formation 2. Fibrocartilaginous callus formation 3. Bony callus formation 4. Bone remodeling