9. Marshland and swamps…

10. How was Mesopotamia transformed around 3200 BC?

11. Each city was believed to be the property of an individual god

12. King Gudea of Lagash C. 2150 bce The inscription describes a temple dedicated to the goddess Geshtin- anna

16. Religion was the central force: Explained the workings of nature Eased the fear of death Justified rules and morality United people in a common view Bolstered the authority of rulers Promoted creativity in art, literature and science

17. What were the functions of a temple priest? (administrator)

18. How did Mesopotamians define the purpose of man’s existence?

19. Why did a mood of pessimism, uncertainty and anxiety pervade the Sumerian psyche? Frequent floods and droughts Windstorms The gods were unpredictable

20. How did King Sargon earn a place in our history books?

22. Third Dynasty of Ur… Ur-Nammu, 2113-2096 BC

23. The ancient Sumerians were very smart people: Cuneiform Law codes Literature Schools Numbering system Kiln-dried bricks & pottery Lunar calendar Potter’s wheel The wheel The wheelbarrow Sailboats Bronze tools and weapons The plow Frying pans Razors Cosmetic sets Shepherd’s pipes harps

26. Why were King Hammurabi’s law codes obeyed?

28. The Hittites, 1600 bc- 1200 bc

29. examples of Hittite iron swords…

31. A Phoenician sailing vessel

32. The Phoenician Alphabet, circa 1400 bc

33. The Hebrews Monotheism Removed the gods from nature Assertion of human dignity 10 Commandments