1. The United States Expanded from the Atlantic to the Pacific
Manifest Destiny
The United States Expanded from the Atlantic to the Pacific
in 50 years

2.
Manifest Destiny

3. Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny – the belief that America was destined to stretch across continent.
From the Atlantic to the Pacific.
From the East coast to the West Coast
Popular among many for different reasons
Manifest Destiny became a gov’t policy under James K. Polk (11th president)

4. Manifest Destiny
“The American claim is by the right to our manifest destiny to overspread and possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and self-government entrusted to us.”
-John L. O’Sullivan-
New York Morning News
December 27, 1845

5. Manifest Destiny 5 3 2 1 6 7 8 4

6. MANIFEST DESTINY
The goal of the United States of America to obtain and govern all land westwards.
East to the ____________
Sea to _______
Atlantic to the ___________
From the Appalachians to the ___________
From New York to _____________

9. Buffalo & Indians are driven into obscurity
“American Progress”
“Star of Empire”
Lady Liberty
Carries a schoolbook
Buffalo & Indians are driven into obscurity
…and telegraph wire
“The tools of progress”
…as settlers move westward

10. Political Reason
Britain ceded Northwest Territory to U.S. after the American Revolution, eventually resulting in Northwest Ordinance; expansion reduced political power of Britain, France, and Spain in region and increased global position and strength of the U.S.

11. Social Reasons
Strong nationalism (pride in country) belief that U.S. was special (great experiment of liberty); belief in racial superiority (people of English decent); belief that God supported U.S. expansion

12. Economical Reasons
Growth in the U.S. economy increased demand for (and value of) farmland, ranches, minerals, and furs; the cotton gin increased the area in which cotton could be grown profitably; the discovery of gold attracted 80,000 people in 1849

13. US Territorial Expansion
When?
A - Original 13 Colonies
1776
From Where?
Great Britain A
Why?
US declared independence from Great Britain

14. US Territorial Expansion
When?
B - Western Lands
1783
From Where?
Great Britain
Why?
Part of results of Treaty of Paris (ended Revolutionary War) A B

15. Louisiana Purchase: 1803
Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million.
Jefferson wanted to make sure the U.S. had control of the Port of New Orleans and the Mississippi River.
The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United States.
The U.S. stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to the Rocky Mountains.

16. US Territorial Expansion
When?
C - Louisiana Purchase
1803
From Where?
France
Why?
Napoleon needed $
Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans
He got all of this instead! A C B

17. Adams-Onis Treaty: 1819
The U.S. wanted to take Florida from Spain because of attacks by Seminole Indians and runaway slaves in Georgia.
In 1819, President Monroe sent General Andrew Jackson to Florida to help protect the U.S. border.
Jackson invaded Florida and overthrew the governor of Florida. He had no direct orders from President Monroe.
Spain gave Florida to the U.S. in exchange for $5 million and control of Texas.

18. US Territorial Expansion
When?
D – Florida/ Adams-Onis Treaty
1819
From Where?
Spain A
Why? C B
Andrew Jackson invaded
Spain then sold it to us for $5 million D

19. Texas: 1830s Stephen Austin In 1821, Texas was a part of Mexico.
Stephen Austin was an empresario = agent to bring settlers to Texas.
Stephen Austin brought the first 300 families to Texas - known as the Old Three Hundred.
By 1830, 25,000 Americans were living in Texas. They were required to become Mexican citizens and become Catholic.
The Americans had to follow Mexican law.
When Americans complained, Mexico closed Texas to further American immigration.
Stephen Austin

20. Texas Revolution: 1835-36 Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
After Mexico closed Texas to Americans, Stephen Austin went to negotiate with the Mexican leader, Antonio López de Santa Anna.
Austin was jailed, and the Texans revolted.
In February 23- March 6, 1836, Mexico attacked the Texans at the Alamo. This 13-day siege resulted in the killing of all the Americans (except some women, children and slaves).
In April, the Mexican army massacred the Texan rebels at Goliad.
After the Alamo and Goliad, Sam Houston surprise attacked Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto. “Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad!”
Texas won its independence.
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

21. Texas Annexation: 1845 Sam Houston
Santa Anna was captured and forced to sign a treaty giving Texas its independence.
Texas became an independent nation in 1836 called the Lone Star Republic.
Sam Houston became President.
Annexation of Texas was delayed:
Worry that adding Texas as a slave state would upset the balance between free and slave states
Fear that annexing Texas would lead to war with Mexico
Texas joined the U.S. and became the 28th state in 1845.
Sam Houston

22. US Territorial Expansion
When?
E – Texas Annexation
1845
From Where?
Republic of Texas (Independent Country) A C
Why? B
Texas independent from Mexico in 1836
Northerners feared it would become a slave state
Fears finally overcome in 1844 Presidential election E D

23. Oregon Country: 1846
In 1820, both the U.S. and Britain claimed to own Oregon Country.
In the 1830s and 1840s, thousands of American pioneers were going west to settle in Oregon Country.
President Polk wanted all of Oregon to the fifty-four fifty parallel. The American people cried, “Fifty-four forty or fight.”
Britain wanted to avoid a war.
Britain and the U.S. compromised. They split Oregon in half at the 49th parallel. The U.S. got the southern half.

24. US Territorial Expansion
When?
F - Oregon Territory
1846
From Where?
Great Britain F A
Why? C B
Claimed by four countries (G. Britain, Russia, Spain, & US)
Americans demanded “54° 40’ or fight!”
Britain compromised 49° & US accepted E D

25. War with Mexico: 1846-48 Battle of Buena Vista
The U.S. Army had better weapons and equipment, but it was greatly outnumbered by the Mexican forces and was poorly prepared.
The U.S. took New Mexico territory without a fight and claimed the territory.
Zachary Taylor defeats Santa Anna at the Battle of Buena Vista.
U.S. troops under Winfred Scott (“old fuss and feathers”) capture Mexico City.
This led to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the war.
Battle of Buena Vista

26. US Territorial Expansion
When?
G - Mexican Cession
1848
From Where?
Mexico F A
Why? C B
Polk offers to buy G from Mexico & they refuse
War!
US wins
In Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, US offers $15 million for G G E D

27. Gadsden Purchase: 1853
After the war with Mexico, Americans wanted to guarantee that any southern railroad to California would be built completely on American soil.
US paid $10 million for the southern parts of Arizona and New Mexico.
The existing boundary between the U.S. and Mexico was fixed.

28. Manifest Destiny 5 3 2 1 7 6 8 4

29. Obstacles Technology Indian Tribes Law and Order
Forests had to be cleared to make way for new cities- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT?

30. Technology Interchangeable Parts (1801)
Cotton Gin (1793) & McCormick Reaper (1831) – accelerated farming
Steamboats (1807) & railroads (1850’s) – provide faster movement of goods & services
Telegraph (1837) – speeds up the pace of business

31. Not Your Father’s Migration!
Different kinds of people move westward than had done during the 1600’s/1700’s (IN ORDER)
Land Speculators overran the tribes looking for quick profits & ignoring treaties (which the gov’t also ignored)
“The Law” (Gov’t, Police) follow the criminals
Religious Zealots - People who are extremely religious