1. Bolduc Model of Mass Media Effects A means of analyzing and categorizing mass communication processes and effects A means of analyzing and categorizing mass communication processes and effects.

2. Macro Elements: Society, culture, government, technical, international

3. Media

4. Macro Elements: Society, culture, government, technical, international Media Media Variables >

5. Macro Elements: Society, culture, government, technical, international Media Media Variables > Content Variables >

6. Macro Elements: Society, culture, government, technical, international Media Audience  As individuals  As members of social categories  Affected by social relationships Media Variables > Content Variables >

7. Macro Elements: Society, culture, government, technical, international Media Audience  As individuals  As members of social categories  Affected by social relationships Media Variables > Content Variables >  As members of a society

8. Macro Elements: Society, culture, government, technical, international Media Audience  As individuals  As members of social categories  Affected by social relationships Media Variables > Content Variables >  As members of a society

9. Macro Elements: Society, culture, government, technical, international Media Audience  As individuals  As members of social categories  Affected by social relationships Effects Time Frame  Long term  Short term  Immediate Media Variables > Content Variables >  As members of a society

10. Macro Elements: Society, culture, government, technical, international Media Audience  As individuals  As members of social categories  Affected by social relationships Effects Time Frame  Long term  Short term  Immediate Response  Arousal  Cognition  Attitude  Behavioral Media Variables > Content Variables >  As members of a society

11. Macro Elements: Society, culture, government, technical, international Media Audience  As individuals  As members of social categories  Affected by social relationships Effects Time Frame  Long term  Short term  Immediate Response  Arousal  Cognition  Attitude  Behavioral Media Variables > Content Variables >  As members of a society  Cultural change