1. GOTHENBURG MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE TOWARDS A KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY -THE NORDIC EXPERIENCE 14TH-15TH NOVEMBER 2005 Break Out Session 3, Nov. 15th Development and Usage of Innovative Clusters Baltic Sea Region Initiative Introductory remarks by: Dr. Heikki Kotilainen Deputy Director General The National Technology Agency, Tekes

2. Competitiveness comparison 2001 IMDWEF Technology 200220012000 2003 Population over 20 mill. less than 20 mill. 2003 Population over 20 mill. less than 20 mil. 2003 ScienceTechnology UNDP 2 2 1 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 16 19 USA Taiwan Sweden Japan Switzerland Denmark Israel Estonia Canada Norway Germany UK Australia Finland 1 2 4 5 6 11 7 14 8 10 12 15 9 3 3 1 4 6 23 24 12 26 8 2 7 15 10 5 3 3 2 - 3 4 - 18 - 8 12 11 7 9 1 1 1-6-9----2-4831-6-9----2-483 - - 4 - 6 5 8 19 - 10 - 3 3 1-5-2----6-3791-5-2----6-379 - 2 - 3 8 11 25 - 14 - 6 6 1 24 9 7 6 13 8 - 14 29 5 17 23 2 2 Ranking by the science and technology factor Sources: The World Competitiveness Yearbook (IMD), The Global Competitiveness Report (WEF) And Human Development report (UNDP) DM 36054 11-2003 Copyright © Tekes

3. Ranking of EU Countries Information society Innovation, R&D Liberalisation Financial services Enterprise environment Social inclusion Sustainable development Network industries Average rank DM 36054 09-2002 Copyright © Tekes Finland Sweden Denmark UK Netherlands Germany Austria Belgium France Ireland Portugal Spain Italy Greece 1 2 4 3 7 6 5 9 10 11 8 12 13 14 1 3 9 4 8 2 7 5 6 10 12 11 13 14 1 6 5 2 3 9 4 7 11 8 10 12 13 14 1 3 4 9 6 2 8 5 7 13 10 11 12 14 2 5 3 1 4 8 9 7 10 6 11 12 13 14 1 6 5 2 4 11 8 10 12 3 7 9 13 14 3 7 4 10 1 9 5 2 6 12 13 8 11 14 1 4 3 6 8 2 5 7 9 13 10 12 11 14 1.4 4.5 4.6 5.1 6.1 6.4 6.5 8.9 9.5 10.1 10.9 12.4 14.0 Source: The Lisbon Review: An Assessment of Policies and Reforms in Europe

4. ICT index (WEF) Source: The Global Competitiveness Report 2003, 3/4 based on quantitive material, 1/4 on query DM 36054 01-2004 Copyright © Tekes

5. Globalisation of countries DM 36054 04-2004 Copyright © Tekes Source: Foreign Policy Magazine Globalization Index Globalisation index measures the economic integration, technical connections, personal contacts and political cooperation in the country. Portugal France Czech Republic Australia Great Britain Sweden Denmark Austria New Zealand USA Canada Netherlands Switzerland Singapore Ireland Ranking in 2003 Finland 12345678 9 10 111213141615…..

6. Key Issues for Baltic-Nordic cooperation Key drivers: Sweden, Denmark, Finland Similar values around the Baltic Sea Similarities and dissimilarities contribute to same goals Clusters as initiators of cooperation The national agencies as actors and financiers– No superstructures, no bureaucracy

7. Critical views Clusters are created by industries; they are like living organisms The government/authorities can facilitate the creation, but cannot establish clusters The Triple Helix is not a model, but the linkages between the three parties could be helpful, but not a prerequisite Alternative approach is to link all R&D incentives to the cooperation between universities and industry e.g. national technology programmes State aid rules of EU restrict seriously the creation of competitiveness of SMEs in particular Adapt legislation to decentralised decision making – decisions at action level

8. Industry Ministries Agencies Patent offices, IPR Regional centres TE-centres Centres of Excellence Technology/Science Parks Knowledge Centres Sectorial Institutes Tech Transfer offices Institutes, labs The Triple Helix Universities Research institutes Government Industry Science & Technology Policy Council Confederations of Industry Banks Venture Capital Business angels EU Commission -state aid -regulations -FP Semiprivate SITRA Finvera Industrial Invest Clusters

9. Northern Clustering Alliance VINNOVA INNOVATION NORWAY Tekes Silverskär Meeting August 15.-16. 2004 DE SE RU PL NO LVLT IS FI EE DK CIP Network Copenhagen Helsinki Middelfart Stockholm Northern Clustering Alliance

10. Cluster Grouping Country Group A Country Group B Regional/national cluster Interregional/-national cluster © Tekes/HK Country 1 Country 2 Country 3 Country 4 Country 3 Country 5 Country 6 National megacluster

11. OPPORTUNITIES FOR NORDIC COLLABORATION BORDER CONDITIONS EU targets (Lisbon summit), political framework Commission’s communication Council of Baltic Sea States CBSS Baltic Sea Initiative 2010 VISION Cross border clusters Nordic countries as leaders in cluster exploitation and development Clusters as policy instruments Baltic Rim included in Nordic cluster development NEEDS Tools to overcome lack of geographical proximity and cultural differencies Mechanisms to preserve the dynamism in case of clusters as policy instrument Close cooperation between the national agencies Nordic cluster 2

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