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Published byJoella Jennings Modified over 9 years ago
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“Look, I’m underage... ” “Sold!” Arnold H. Levinson, Ph.D. University of Colorado Stacy Hendershott Colorado Tobacco Enforcement Unit Tobacco Sales Increase when Real ID Is Shown
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Compliance Check Survey Six CO urban-suburban counties Six CO urban-suburban counties Census of outlets (n=1083) Census of outlets (n=1083) State-issued ID with true age State-issued ID with true age Same minors varied use of ID Same minors varied use of ID One attempt per outlet One attempt per outlet
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Balanced: –Male– Age –Clerk gender, perceived age– Day of week – Clerk asked for ID – Clerk asked for ID Unbalanced No ID ID Female36% 64%** Median Time 11:30 a.m. 12:45 p.m.*** Comparison of Conditions, ID vs. No ID
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Overall sales rate: Overall sales rate: 12.7% 12.7% Asked to see ID: Asked to see ID:87.2% Relative risk (RR) Relative risk (RR) if ID not asked: 7.1(p<0.0001)
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Sales Rates, ID Used vs. Not Used (ID Always Requested) Relative risk of sale when ID used: 6.2(p<0.0001)
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% of Attempts Ending in Sale, By Minor Cases Where ID Was Requested AgeGender No ID Carried ID 17M0.021.7 15M3.414.8 16-17M20.028.6 16F0.03.7 15M0.08.7 16M0.036.8 15M0.08.3 16M0.013.0 15M2.818.8 14M2.12.7 14F0.00.0 17M6.00.0
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What if … Logistic model of sale with varied ID condition Significant covariates: o minor gender o ages 14 & 17 o clerk age <30 o Weekdays o two counties o asked for ID
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What’s Going On? Possible explanations: Too busy to do it right? Can’t calculate? Think showing ID implies 18+? Think law requires just showing ID? Ask just for appearances?
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Carry ID raise rates (if clerks usually ask). Don’t use ID lower rates. Should we be replicating real purchase practices? How often do kids use ID for real attempts. Implications for Compliance Checks
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The Compliance-Use Gap: Real or artifact?
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The Issue: Fewer sales less smoking
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Clerk failure to ask ID of underage cigarette customers (same counties, time period) Real (n=590) Simulated (n=1083)
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Sales Rates, Real vs. Simulated Tries
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Real underage shoppers asked for ID less than compliance checkers. Interpretations: Different looks and actions. Real underage shoppers don’t choose stores randomly. don’t choose stores randomly. Conclusions
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A few outlets and circumstances can meet adolescent demand. To Do: Target stores routinely selling underage. Target proxy-buying and social giving. Evaluate impact of comprehensive access control on adolescent smoking.
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