1. External Forces Making mountains into molehills

2. Rock types  Igneous- volcanic in origin; cooled lava or magma.  Sedimentary- layers of sand, silt & gravel deposited in layers, then compressed into rock.  Metamorphic- rock changed by heat & compression.

3. Weathering  Mechanical- rock is weakened or broken physically into smaller pieces;  Example: frost wedging, plant roots. The process by which rock on the earth’s surface breaks down.

4. Weathering  Chemical- transforms the minerals in rock or combines them with new elements  Example: karst, acid rain.

5. Erosion  The process whereby weathered materials are loosened, dissolved, or worn away, & then moved from one place to another.

6. Water  Sediment- small particles of soil, sand & gravel suspended in water –canyons, valleys, alluvial plains, deltas.

7. Wind  Loess- windblown deposits of dust & silt –hoodoos, arches.

8. Ice  Glaciers- huge, slow moving sheets of ice –moraines- ridge- like piles of rock & debris left by glaciers –horns, cirques, arêtes. 1.Moraine 2.Drumlin 3.Kettle 4.Esker 5.Till 6.Outwash plain