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Published byDennis Brown Modified over 9 years ago
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Factors Affecting Solubility pH Common Ion Effect Formation of Complex Ions
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Common Ion Effect If one of the ions in a solution equilibrium is already dissolved in the solution, the equilibrium will shift to the left and the solubility of the salt will decrease. BaSO 4 (s) Ba 2+ (aq) + SO 4 2− (aq)
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Common Ion Effect Example Calculate the solubility of solid CaF 2 (Ksp = 4 x 10 -11 ) in a 0.025 M NaF solution. CaF 2 (s) Ca +2 + 2 F - K sp = 4 x 10 -11 = [Ca +2 ] [ F - ] 2
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pH –If a substance has a basic anion, it will be more soluble in an acidic solution. Cl-, I-, Br- –Substances with acidic cations are more soluble in basic solutions.
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pH Example What is the effect of adding a strong acid on the solubility of silver acetate? 1.Silver acetate dissolves: AgC 2 H 3 O 2 (s) Ag + (aq) + C 2 H 3 O 2 - (aq) 2.Acetate ion combines with H + (aq) ions from strong acid: H + (aq) + C 2 H 3 O 2 - (aq) HC 2 H 3 O 2 (aq) [Acetate ion] is lowered by adding strong acid to form a weak acid. According to Le Chatelier's principle, the solubility equilibrium will shift to the right, causing more silver acetate to dissolve.
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Complex Ions Question: What is a complex ion? Answer: A metal ion surrounded by ligands –Metal ions can act as Lewis acids and form complex ions with Lewis bases in the solvent.
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More Complex Ions Ligand = Lewis Base, has lone pair that can be donated to empty orbital on metal to form a covalent bond Coordination Number(s) of 6,4,2 are most common.
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Complex Ions –The formation of these complex ions increases the solubility of these salts.
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Amphoterism –Amphoteric metal oxides and hydroxides are soluble in strong acid or base, because they can act either as acids or bases. –Examples of such cations are Al 3+, Zn 2+, and Sn 2+.
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