1. Design of Unidirectional Freeze-Casting Device Members: John Simmonds Joe Hastings Michael Harty Michael Beachy Michael Cook (MET Department) Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529

2. Gantt Chart

3. Actual Freeze-casting device Freeze-casting device Schematic Equipment Design

4. Proposed Changes to Freezing Device Both arms on one supporting rod enables direct measurement transference between them. Current Freezing Device Two separate arms. One for liquid height measurement and one for sample height Proposed Liquid Level indicator arm Sample Arm Dewar Liquid Nitrogen Height Adjustment Nut

5. Thermal Measuring System K type thermocouples do not have a high enough degree of accuracy for our experimental system. (Standard: +/- 2.2C or +/-.75%) Due to this issue, a different thermal measuring system was installed to more accurately and precisely detect the temperature gradients during ceramic slurry trials. T type thermocouples replaced the K Types and new data logging software and interface have been installed.

6. Thermocouple The T type thermocouple is the current sensor used to understand freeze front velocities within our experiment. We replaced the K type thermocouple along with the data acquisition interface for the T type thermocouple and the Omega QuadTemp interface. The improvements are seen by a greater degree of accuracy within the temperature range of our experiment. Another improvement with the new interface can be seem with the ability to use four thermocouples vice the two that were supported by the Vernier Data Logger.

7. Convective Boundary Layer Omission The insulating sleeve, as previously discussed reduced the convective effects of the surrounding nitrogen gas on the sides of the sample. This allowed the sample to be frozen from the bottom upwards only. The original sleeve was made from a high density polyethylene foam and although fit snuggly it allowed a small convective current around the plate. The new sleeve is made from a low density Styrofoam. The sleeve is made from (4) individual sections that were glued together, wherein the lowest section center chamber was made to a smaller diameter that allows the plate to rest on and blocks the convective layers. Present Freeze-casting device Configuration

8. Convective Boundary Layer Omission The new sleeve is made from a low density Styrofoam. The sleeve is made from (4) individual sections that were glued together, wherein the lowest section center chamber was made to a smaller diameter that allows the plate to rest on and blocks the convective layers. Dewar insulating Sleeve

9. Sample Analysis Currently, samples have been produced at the following heights above liquid level: 20mm, 25mm, 30mm, 35mm, 40mm, 45mm, 50mm, 55mm, 60mm and 65mm. The samples were freeze-dried and begun to be sintered. The initial inspection under a 10x and 100x microscope show promising signs of unidirectional platelet formation and alignment.