2. Questions to answer today. Write them down!!! What innovations/inventions led to the Agricultural Revolution?What innovations/inventions led to the Agricultural Revolution? What contribution did the Agricultural Revolution have on the Industrial Revolution?What contribution did the Agricultural Revolution have on the Industrial Revolution? What advantages did Britain have in being the first nation to industrialize?What advantages did Britain have in being the first nation to industrialize?

3. Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations VStandards weights & measures. VEstablished technical schools. VThe government encouraged & honored inventors & inventions. VBank of France  European model providing a reliable currency.

4. French Economic Disadvantages VYears of war ) Supported the American Revolution. ) French Revolution. ) Early 19c  Napoleonic Wars VHeavy debts. VHigh unemployment  soldiers returning from the battlefronts. VFrench businessmen were afraid to take risks.

6. That Nation of Shopkeepers! -- Napoleon Bonaparte

7. The Enclosure Movement

8. “ Enclosed ” Lands Today

9. Metals, Woolens, & Canals

10. Early Canals Britain’s Earliest Transportation Infrastructure

11. Mine & Forge [1840-1880] ù More powerful than water is coal. ù More powerful than wood is iron. ù Innovations make steel feasible.  “Puddling” [1820] – “pig iron.”  “Hot blast” [1829] – cheaper, purer steel.  Bessemer process [1856] – strong, flexible steel.

12. Coalfields & Industrial Areas

13. 18001 ton of coal50, 000 miners 185030 tons200, 000 miners 1880300 million tons500, 000 miners 1914250 million tons1, 200, 000 miners Coal Mining in Britain: 1800-1914

14. Young Coal Miners

15. Child Labor in the Mines Child “hurriers”

16. British Pig Iron Production

17. Richard Arkwright: “ Pioneer of the Factory System ” The “Water Frame”

18. Factory Production ) Concentrates production in one place [materials, labor]. ) Located near sources of power [rather than labor or markets]. ) Requires a lot of capital investment [factory, machines, etc.] more than skilled labor. ) Only 10% of English industry in 1850.

19. Textile Factory Workers in England 1813 2400 looms 150, 000 workers 1833 85, 000 looms 200, 000 workers 1850224, 000 looms>1 million workers

20. The Factory System × Rigid schedule. × 12-14 hour day. × Dangerous conditions. × Mind-numbing monotony.

21. Textile Factory Workers in England

22. British Coin Portraying a Factory, 1812

23. Young “ Bobbin-Doffers ”

24. Jacquard ’ s Loom

25. What advantages did the British have in early Industrialization? Navigable water waysNavigable water ways Salt water harborsSalt water harbors Coal/iron depositsCoal/iron deposits Banking systemBanking system Stable political environmentStable political environment Thriving middle classThriving middle class

26. What advancements contributed to the Agricultural Revolution Enclosure movementEnclosure movement –What did that do? Effects? Steel plowSteel plow –Effects? Crop RotationCrop Rotation –Effects? Selective BreedingSelective Breeding –Effects?

27. What impact did the Agricultural Revolution have on the Industrial Revolution?

29. John Kay ’ s “ Flying Shuttle ”

30. The Power Loom

31. James Watt ’ s Steam Engine

32. Steam Tractor

33. Steam Ship

34. An Early Steam Locomotive

35. Later Locomotives

36. The Impact of the Railroad

37. “ The Great Land Serpent ”

38. Crystal Palace Exhibition: 1851 Exhibitions of the new industrial utopia.

39. Crystal Palace: Interior Exhibits

40. Crystal Palace: British Ingenuity on Display

41. Crystal Palace: American Pavilion