1. Using Quotes Effectively "By necessity, by proclivity, and by delight, we all quote." -Ralph Waldo Emerson

2. you need to support your main points or claimsyou need to support your main points or claims you have chosen the most important materialyou have chosen the most important material you absolutely know what it meansyou absolutely know what it means When to Use Quotations

3. How to Integrate Quotes text TEXT text “QUO TES”

4. Sprinkle your discussion with key phrases and terms, which should be surrounded with quotes. Lesson 1

5. Example: Wilfred Owen says that the only prayer said for those who die in battle is the “rapid rattle of guns which spatter out their hasty orisons” (Owen, 1913). Notice the Punctuation Wilfred Owen (1913) says that the only prayer said for those who die in battle is the “rapid rattle of guns which spatter out their hasty orisons.”

6. Use an indirect statement with "that." Lesson 2 FOR EXAMPLE: Margaret Mead (1962) feels that "the use of marriage contracts may reduce the divorce rate."

7. Blend your lead-in and quotation: Lesson 3… still practicing using quotes… Critics view the irony in Stevens’ play as a “creation and destruction pattern” (Knight, 2009).

8. Use a complete sentence lead-in. Follow with a colon and two spaces before the quotation. Lesson 4… Halfway through quote practice… Hamilton (1941) characterizes Hera directly and with authority: "She was the protector of marriage, and married women were her particular care." Still APA format! Colons mean to exemplify!

9. Use an introductory phrase or clause: Lesson 5 According to Jones (1987), "Frost revives … nineteenth-century romantics"According to Jones (1987), "Frost revives … nineteenth-century romantics" As the grandfather explained, "...life is a war" (Hamilton, 1998).As the grandfather explained, "...life is a war" (Hamilton, 1998). Even though they had enough players, “Benny invited Smalls to play on the Sandlot” (Evans, 1993).Even though they had enough players, “Benny invited Smalls to play on the Sandlot” (Evans, 1993).

10. Split the quotation Lesson 6 "A fully articulated pastoral idea of America, did not emerge until the end of the eighteenth century" (Marx, 1942). "A fully articulated pastoral idea of America," claims Leo Marx (1942), "did not emerge until the end of the eighteenth century.”

11. Use the author's name and/or his authority to introduce quotations from secondary sources: Lesson 7 Frank Kermode (1998), a prominent critic, claims that Hamlet "is a delaying revenger."

12. Punctuating Quotations 1. Use a comma for a brief, informal, or grammatically incomplete introduction. Example: Prufrock thinks, "I am no prophet-- and here's no great matter.” (Eliot, 1911)

13. 2. Use a colon to separate your own complete sentence lead-ins from quotations. Example: Qualities of the young and old shine through in Yeats’ (1801) line: “A young man in the Dark am I, But a wild old man in the light.”

14. 3. Use an ellipsis (...) to indicate material omitted from the quotation. Example: Hamlet tells Ophelia, "you jig and amble... and make your wantonness your ignorance“ (Shakespeare, 1599). Space before and after ellipsis

15. Example: Hawthorn (1844) writes that "Robin gazed with dismay and astonishment.... The effect was as if two individual devils were loose.” When omitted at the end of your sentence, put a period with no space in front and then follow with three spaced periods three spaced periods. 4. Use an ellipsis (part 2)

16. Example: He wrote that "Robin gazed with dismay and astonishment...” (Hawthorn, 1844). If using an ellipsis and a parenthetical page reference at the end of a sentence, put the fourth period after the parentheses. 5. Use an ellipsis (part 3)

17. Example: Singer (1998) writes that, "His thoughts turned to matters of business.... It was easier to think about practical matters." If omitting a whole sentence, use four dots. 6. Use an ellipsis (part 4)

18. Paraphrasing: WHEN TO USE IT Must Paraphrasing be Parenthetically Cited? YES! YES! Absolutely Alway s 1.When a quote is too confusing. 2.When you’ve used several quotes already. 3.When using your words instead of the resource’s will contribute to the strength of the paper’s voice.

19. Lesson 1: Paraphrasing Take the figurative and interpret for a reader: “A woman drew her long black hair out tight and fiddled whisper music on those strings.” - T.S.Eliot, “The Waste Land” Paraphrased: A woman put her black hair in a ponytail and began softly playing her violin (Eliot, 1922).

20. Lesson 1: Paraphrasing Now you try: "This is the way the world ends Not with a bang but a whimper." — T.S. Eliot (1922) Consider: Other ways to say the same word Changing the order of details Don’t forget APA format!

21. Lesson 2: Paraphrasing Identify field-specific language or acronyms and make it accessible to your audience: “Pedagogues today must apply RtI across disciplines as evaluated by the Danielson model.” - Nichols, Fisher, and Marquez, “Teacher Jargon” Paraphrased: Teacher evaluations require them to consider how to help every student at their point(s) of need.

22. Lesson 2: Paraphrasing Now you try: Download the MP3 by toggling between iTunes and the website or your CD drive. Consider: Not everyone knows the “lingo” you do. Make your words apply to the elderly, or undereducated.

23. Lesson 3: Paraphrasing Use semantic (meaning) paraphrasing by using a thesaurus or synonyms you already know. Try it: “Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty.” - John F. Kennedy, “Inaugural Address” (1961) Remember: Keep the same sentence format essentially, just change words to other words with similar meaning.

24. Lesson 4: Paraphrasing Use syntactic paraphrasing by changing the structure of the sentence: Try it: “Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty.” - John F. Kennedy, “Inaugural Address” (1961) Consider: The words can remain, the structure and order needs to change.

25. Lesson 5: Paraphrasing Use both syntactic & semantic paraphrasing for best results and the least plagiarism: Try it: “Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty.” -John F. Kennedy, “Inaugural Address” (1961) Compare what you have seen over your last three lessons and make sure you have differently structured sentences with a variety of words expressing the same ideas.

26. Summarizing: What to remember Capture the main idea of the longer passage. Eliminate unnecessary detail. Make sure it is relevant to your topic. Snag meaningful language. Choose words succinctly. Still cite your source in APA format.

27. Summarizing: Practice passage 1 A type of book which we hardly seem to produce in these days, but which flowered with great richness in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, is what Chesterton called the "good bad book": that is, the kind of book that has no literary pretensions but which remains readable when more serious productions have perished. Obviously outstanding books in this line are RAFFLES and the Sherlock Holmes stories, which have kept their place when innumerable "problem novels", "human documents" and "terrible indictments" of this or that have fallen into deserved oblivion. (Who has worn better, Conan Doyle or Meredith?) Almost in the same class as these I, put R. Austin Freeman's earlier stories--"The Singing Bone" "The Eye of Osiris" and others--Ernest Bramah's MAX CARRADOS, and, dropping the standard a bit, Guy Boothby's Tibetan thriller, DR NIKOLA, a sort of schoolboy version of Hue's TRAVELS IN TARTARY, which would probably make a real visit to Central Asia seem a dismal anticlimax. - George Orwell, “Good Bad Books” (1943)

28. Summarizing: Practice passage 2 Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. There are no longer problems of the spirit. There is only the question: When will I be blown up? Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and the sweat. He must learn them again. He must teach himself that the basest of all things is to be afraid; and, teaching himself that, forget it forever, leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart, the old universal truths lacking which any story is ephemeral and doomed — love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice. Until he does so, he labors under a curse. He writes not of love but of lust, of defeats in which nobody loses anything of value, of victories without hope and, worst of all, without pity or compassion. His griefs grieve on no universal bones, leaving no scars. He writes not of the heart but of the glands. - William Faulkner, “Nobel Prize Speech” (1950)

29. Summarizing: Practice passage 3 I used to believe in the American dream that meant a job, a mortgage, cable, credit, warranties, success. I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else, all of us separately chasing the same thing. One year, through a series of unhappy events, it all fell apart. I found myself homeless and alone. I had my truck and $56. I came upon a shack in an isolated hollow, abandoned, full of broken glass and rubbish. I found the owner and rented the place for $50 a month. I took a bedroll, a broom, rope, a gun and cooking gear, and cleared a corner to camp in while I worked. The locals knew nothing about me. But slowly, they started teaching me the art of being a neighbor. They dropped off blankets, candles, tools and canned deer meat, and they began sticking around to chat. They started to teach me a belief in a different American dream — not the one of individual achievement but one of neighborliness…. What I had believed in, all those things I thought were the necessary accouterments for a civilized life, were nonexistent in this place. Up on the mountain, my most valuable possessions were my relationships with my neighbors.- Eve Birch, “The Art of Neighborliness” (2009)

30. The rules: 1.Use when quote is 40+ words. 2. Omit quotation marks. 3. Start the quotation on a new line, indented 1/2 inch from the left margin. 4. Maintain new margin and double-spacing until end of quote. It should look like this:

31. Jones's (1998) study found the following: Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time citing sources. This difficulty could be attributed to the fact that many students failed to purchase a style manual or to ask their teacher for help. (p. 199)