1. INDEPENDENT SUPPLY COMPANY INC. HEALTH AND SAFETY PROGRAM ELEMENT 3 Hazard Control Training Module

2. Course Objectives At the end of this course you will be able to: Describe, in general terms, the purpose and goal of controlling hazards. Understand the six categories of hazard controls. Define employee responsibilities for hazard control. Describe the hazard control process. Describe the goal of risk control. Define Safe Work Practices and how they are used. Describe what it means to work alone, the purpose of a working alone communication system. Describe how Preventive Maintenance provides a safer working environment. Understand the responsibilities for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and how to use, care and maintain PPE.

3. Goal of Hazard Control The goal of hazard control is to prevent and protect workers from being exposed to occupational hazards. Some methods of hazard control are more efficient than others, but a combination of methods usually provides a safer workplace than relying on only one method. Once you recognize a hazard, then you can determine which measure will correct the problem most effectively.

4. Hazard Controls Generally, there are six categories of hazard controls: 1. Elimination 2. Substitution 3. Isolation 4. Engineering 5. Administrative 6. Personal Protective Equipment

5. Elimination Elimination involves removing the hazard. For example, taking a hazardous piece of equipment out of service. Elimination is the most effective way to control a risk because the hazard is no longer present. This control should be used whenever possible.

6. Substitution Substitution involves replacement or substitution with a safer product/procedure. This control is sometimes grouped with elimination. The goal of substitution is to choose a new product/procedure that is less hazardous than the original.

7. Isolation Isolation places the hazardous process “geographically” away from the majority of the workers. An enclosure keeps a selected hazard “physically” away from the worker. Glove boxAbrasive blasting cabinet Welding screen

8. Engineering Engineering controls involve redesign a process or piece of equipment to make it less hazardous. Isolating the hazard from the person at risk, e.g. using a guard or barrier. This control includes methods that are built into building design, equipment or a process to minimize a hazard

9. Engineering – Processing Controls Changing the way a job activity or process is done to reduce the risk. Monitoring should be done before and after the change is implemented to make sure the changes were positive. Wet VacuumingAutomated Systems Mechanical Transportation

10. Engineering - Ventilation Ventilation as an engineering control adds and removes air in the work environment. Local exhaust is very adaptable to almost all chemicals and operations.

11. Administrative Controls Administrative controls focus on employee exposure and behavior. Policies, processes, procedures and other aids ensure employees work safely and some rely on human behavior to reduce risk. Examples include training programs, safe work procedures and practices.

12. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) The provision and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) provides a physical barrier between the hazard and the employee. Examples of PPE include:  Eye and face protection  Hearing protection  Hand and body protection  Head protection  Respiratory protection

13. Personal protection equipment is the last line of defense in hazard control and should be used in combination with Engineering or Administrative controls. This control relies on employees being trained to use PPE properly Personal protection equipment is the last line of defense in hazard control and should be used in combination with Engineering or Administrative controls. This control relies on employees being trained to use PPE properly

14. Activity #1 Analyze the following pictures. Identify the controls needed to protect the worker.

15. What Controls are Needed Here?

18. Responsibilities The responsibilities for the ISC’s hazard control are identified for:  Senior Management  Business/Department Managers  Workers

19. Senior Management Senior Management are responsible to: Ensure that the hazard control process being is implemented. Ensure Business/Department Managers are fulfilling their responsibilities for implementation of hazard control recommendations. Sign off on a final copy of Hazards Assessment and Control Form. Ensure that written preventative maintenance programs are implemented for applicable equipment.

20. Business/Department Managers Business/Department Managers are responsible to: Implement the hazard control process. Administer the system for maintaining hazard assessment and control records. Ensure the system for maintaining control options are communicated to all affected workers. Approve and implement recommendations for the hazard assessments/control forms. Ensure workers using hazard control measures are properly trained. Ensure written preventative maintenance programs are followed.

21. Workers Workers are responsible to: Utilize all identified control measures. Recommend improvements to the control of hazards to their managers.

22. Hazard Control Process The process for controlling hazards involves the following steps: 1. Determining existing controls 2. Categorizing existing controls 3. Recommending controls 4. Assigning the person (s) responsible for implementation

23. #1 - Determine Existing Controls Determine the existing controls that are currently in place for each hazard identified on the Hazard Assessment and Control Form. List these in the “Controls in Place” column on the form. List all controls currently in place for each hazard.

24. #2 - Categorize the Existing Controls Categorize the existing controls, indicating the type of control currently in place. E - Engineering Control A - Administrative Control P - Personal Protective Equipment Warehouse Hazards Risk Rating L,M,H Controls in Place Engineering (E), Administrative (A), PPE (P) SPF Manual Lifting/Handling -Back Injuries -Basaloid attachment for the forklift - E -Dollies, pallet jacks and forklifts used - E

25. #3 - Recommend Controls Recommend additional controls necessary to protect workers. List these in the “Recommended Control” column on the Hazard Assessment and Control Form.

26. # 4 - Assign Person Responsible Identify the person responsible for implementation of the recommended controls on the Hazard Assessment and Control Form.

27. Risk Control While the risk control concentrates on controlling the highest ranked risks first, this does not mean that lower ranked risks which can be controlled quickly and easily should not be controlled simultaneously. The best available control measures should be put in place as soon as possible, noting that in some cases it may be necessary to put temporary controls in place until better controls can be implemented. Wherever there is a high risk the activity must cease until adequate controls are implemented.

28. No additional controls are required unless they can be implemented at very low cost (in terms of time, money, and effort). Actions to further reduce these risks are assigned low priority. Arrangements should be made to ensure that the controls are maintained. Low Risk

29. Medium Risk Consideration should be as to whether the risks can be lowered, where applicable, to a tolerable level and preferably to an acceptable level, but the costs of additional risk reduction measures should be taken into account. The risk reduction measures should be implemented within a defined time period. Arrangements should be made to ensure that controls are maintained, particularly if the risk levels area associated with harmful consequences.

30. High Risk Substantial efforts should be made to reduce the risk. Risk reduction measures should be implemented urgently within a defined time period and it might be necessary to consider suspending or restricting the activity, or to apply interim risk control measures, until this has been completed. Considerable resources might have to be allocated to additional control measures. Arrangements should be made to ensure that controls are maintained, particularly if the risk levels are associated with extremely harmful consequences and very harmful consequences.

31. What is the Goal of Risk Control? The primary goal of risk control is to eliminate the risk and the best way of achieving this is to remove the hazard. If this is not possible the risk must be minimized by using one or more of the other control options from the hierarchy. The risk control measure selected must be the highest possible option within the hierarchy to minimize the risk to the lowest level as reasonably practicable. Existing controls should be re-evaluated to determine if the most appropriate control measure is in place. In many cases, it will be necessary to use more than one control. Back-up controls, such as personal protective equipment, should only be used as a last resort.

32. Safe Work Practices Safe work practices are generally written methods outlining how to perform a task with minimum risk to people, equipment, materials, environment, and processes. Safe Work Practices (SWPs) are an administrative hazard control outlining the general do’s and don’ts of common work activities. SWPs have been developed for Compressed gas, Fork Lifts and Ladders and described in in the Hazard Control section of the ISC Health and Safety Manual.

33. Working Alone Working alone or in Isolation - means to work alone at a work site in circumstances where assistance is not “Readily Available” in the event of an injury, illness or emergency. This applies if a worker is working alone at a work site where assistance is not readily available if there’s an emergency or the worker is injured or ill. The purpose of a working alone communication system is to ensure that workers working by themselves can do so safely.

34. Working Alone – Communication The purpose behind effective communication is to provide workers with a method of signaling their need for assistance. The key point is that the communication system must permit a worker requiring assistance to send a text message or call someone capable of providing assistance to them. All workers must report by phone call or text message to the Business/Department Manager when they are attending a call-in after hours. Workers will notify the Business/Department Manager when hazards or other non-routine tasks are encountered.

35. Working Alone – Communication Upon leaving the workplace, workers are required to send an additional text to alert the Business/Department Manager that they have left the building and that they are safe. The next morning or working shift the Business/Department Manager is required to fill in the Communication Log for Working Alone. Refer to the forms section for a copy of the “Communication Log for Working Alone”.

36. Overdue Worker If the worker fails to text/call-in and you know that they have been at the workplace longer than normal for a call-in, the Business/Department Manager will attempt to call them three times within a 10 minute period. If contact cannot be made the manager will contact the police.

37. Preventive Maintenance Providing a safer working environment involves understanding where the potential hazards may exist within a facility and also producing preventive measures for preparing and reducing danger. Maintenance and inspection as well as training programs should be used to educate workers about the potential areas in their facility where safety may be of concern. Forms for “Equipment Inventory”, “Preventative Maintenance Schedule” and “Out of Service Log” can all be found in the Health and Safety manual.

38. Defective Equipment Worker Responsibilities Collect defective equipment from location found. Sign piece of equipment into “Out Of Service Log” and fill in information required appropriately. Identify equipment with “Do Not Operate” tag numbered correctly to correspond with tool/equipment number. Describe issue; be specific, of unit on back of tag. Report information immediately to a Business/Department Manager. Do Not use equipment that is tagged “Do Not Operate” until it has been repaired and the tag has been removed. If uncertain of repair refer to “Out Of Service Log” for sign off authorization.

39. Defective Equipment Business/Department Manager Responsibilities Once informed of defective equipment, review and send for repair as needed. Once unit is returned and / or repaired remove tag and reinstate into service. Sign off equipment as indicated in “Out Of Service Log”.

40. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) PPE should not be used as a substitute for engineering, work practice and/or administrative controls. PPE should be used in conjunction with these controls to provide for worker health and safety in the workplace. Using PPE requires hazard awareness and training on the part of the user. Workers must be aware that equipment does not eliminate the hazard. If the equipment fails, exposure will occur. To reduce the possibility of failure, equipment must be properly fitted and maintained in a clean and serviceable condition.

41. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Business/Department Managers Responsibilities: Ensure workplace hazard assessments are conducted to determine PPE requirements. Provide appropriate PPE and make it available to worker. Ensure workers are trained and supervised in the proper use, care and cleaning of PPE. Maintain records on PPE assignments and training. Ensure defective or damaged equipment is immediately replaced. Provide written instructions on the use, care and maintenance of applicable PPE and ensure this documentation is readily accessible to workers. Maintain hazard assessments and training records.

42. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Workers Responsibilities: : Wear PPE as required. Attend required training sessions. Care for, clean and maintain PPE as required. Inform their manager/supervisor of the need to repair or replace PPE.

43. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Use, Care and Maintenance Careful consideration must be given to comfort and fit. Personal protective equipment must fit properly to be effective. Defective or damaged personal protective equipment shall not be used. The health and safety manual describes in detail, the use, care and maintenance requirements for the following PPE:  Safety Headgear  Eye and Face Protection  Safety Footwear  Hand Protection  Body and Other Protection  Respiratory Protection

44. PPE Training Before doing work requiring the use of personal protective equipment, workers must be trained to know:  When personal protective equipment is necessary.  What type is necessary based on job function.  How it is to be worn – don, adjust, doff, wear.  The limitations of the personal protective equipment.  Proper care, maintenance, useful life, and disposal of PPE. Each affected worker must demonstrate an understanding of the required training, and the ability to use PPE properly, before being allowed to perform work requiring the use of PPE.

45. Summary The goal of hazard control is to prevent and protect workers from being exposed to occupational hazards. Six categories of hazard controls include; Elimination, Substitution, Isolation, Engineering, Administrative, Personal Protective Equipment. Responsibilities for ISC’s hazard control are identified for Senior Management, Business/Department Managers and Workers.

46. Summary The process for controlling hazards involves 4 steps 1. Determining existing controls 2. Categorizing existing controls 3. Recommending controls and 4. Assigning the person (s) responsible for implementation. The primary goal of risk control is to eliminate the risk and the best way of achieving this is to remove the hazard.

47. Summary The purpose of a working alone communication system is to ensure that workers working by themselves can do so safely and applies if a worker is working alone at a work site where assistance is not readily available if there’s an emergency or the worker is injured or ill.

48. Summary Preventive maintenance of equipment provides a safer working environment by understanding where the potential hazards may exist within a facility and also producing preventive measures for preparing and reducing danger. Responsibilities for PPE have been identified for Business/Department Managers and Workers.